Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In connection with the increase in the gene pool of seed crops at the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch, it became necessary to plant the preserved genotypes according to the compacted scheme to reduce the area of gardens under the preserved genotypes. The results of preserving the gene pool of seed crops in vivo in the intensive orchards of the Krymsk EBS on various clonal rootstocks are presented. Resource-saving technologies have been developed for the conservation of genotypes of pome crops with a compacted planting scheme. Varieties of apple trees in the scientific institutions of the Southern Regions of the Russian Federation can be optimally stored on the mid-root stocks, in particular MM 106, which do not require supporting structures and watering from 2-3 years of cultivation in the garden, with a planting scheme of 4.0-5.0 × 1.5 m. Quince and pear genotypes compatible with quince, to achieve small crowns, it is possible to store quinces on clone rootstocks, incompatible pear varieties � on clone pear rootstocks (PyroDwarf and others) that reduce growth, also with a compacted planting scheme 4.0-5, 0 × 1.5 m. The formation of crowns is recommended fusiform to obtain fruits with the aim of testing genotypes according to morphological characteristics, initial testing them on economically valuable qualities and identifying donors and sources. Minimum measures for vermin`s and diseases control in storage gardens are carried out (2-3 sprayings from scab and vermin`s) in order to save resources and create an infectious background for harmful diseases. During the growing season of trees, 3-fold mowing of the grass in the aisles and the application of herbicides on the trunks area are recommended. At the end of the growing season, an eradicating spray should be carried out.

Annotation

The results of studying the collection of foreign ornamental varieties of chaenomeles (Chaenomeles Lindl.) of two species are presented: Ch. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai and Ch. japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. et Spach. and two hybrid groups: Ch.×superba (Frahm) Rehder., Ch.× californica W. Clarke ex C. Weber, preserved at the Krymsk EBS � branch of VIR, and in a private collection in the Republic of Adygea. Valuable physiological features were determined: the timing, degree and duration of the flowering period in the conditions of the northwestern piedmont of the Main Caucasian Range. The characteristics of 25 varieties of chaenomeles are given in terms of color, diameter and degree of doubleness of the flower, parameters of the bush, characterizing the decorativeness of its plants, which will expand the range of flowering shrubs for landscaping city parks and squares. Four varieties with the largest double flowers (53 to 65 mm in diameter) were identified: Kinshiden, Scarlet Storm, Mango Storm, Pink Storm, and two varieties with a high degree of doubleness � Pink Storm and Orange Storm, the flowers of which have more than 30 petals. A clear palette of corolla color of the studied varieties was determined: from white to dark red with various shades, including pink and orange. According to the habit of the bush, the varieties are divided into three groups: eight varieties are tall (above 150 cm), three are low-growing (100 cm on average) and the remaining 14 are medium-sized. It has been established that all the studied varieties are suitable for wide use in landscape construction in the Kuban. As sources for targeted breeding programs, varieties with the highest decorative effect � a large double flower of various colors are recommended: Kinshiden, Jet Trail, Wakaba and varieties of the Storm group.