Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Rationing the bush load with shoots and bunches allows to effectively manage the productivity of grapes. The research is to study the productive variability of grapes under the influence of differentiation of bush load with shoots and bunches, to optimize the regulations of agrotechnology of the table variety Livia (Flamingo × Arcadia) on the Oppenheim SO4 rootstock. The research was carried out in the Central Agroecological viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region, in vineyards with drip irrigation. Planting scheme is 3.8×2.0 m. The variety has a high responsiveness to the optimization of the structural elements of the bush. There is a change in the bunch size and the yield capacity of grapes when varying the number of vegetative and generative organs in plants. This makes it possible to optimize the regulations of bush management for obtaining high yields and large bunches of grapes. The largest bunch size, 567 g, is formed in the presence of 25 shoots and 28 bunches per bush; the highest yield capacity, 23.34 t/ha, including commodity yield capacity � 20.59 t/ha, is formed with 25 shoots and 33-35 bunches per bush. Grape yield capacity against the background of increased and reduced bush load with bunches are in a strong and direct correlation with the shoot load. Against the background of an increased load of bushes with bunches, the correlation coefficient is r = 0.71; with a reduced load, r = 0.99. Against the background f a moderate load of bushes with bunches, the correlation dependence of grape yield capacity on the number of shoots is moderate and direct (r = 0.49). The bunch weight of grapes is in close and medium direct dependence on the load of bushes with shoots, close and average inverse dependence on their number.

Annotation

The article considers the issue of the impact of the load of table grape bushes with shoots and bunches on plant productivity. The place of research is the fourth subzone of the Central Agroecological Zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar region, characterized by a moderate continental climate and low�humus, leached powerful chernozems as soils. As an object of research after exploratory studies in 2021, among different table grape varieties (Gurman Kraynova, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Kishmish Dubovskiy and Centennial Seedless), the Centennial Seedless variety was selected as promising for studying the load of bushes with shoots and bunches according to the parameters of the proportion of fruiting shoots (93 %), the bunch weight (0.73 kg) and the productivity of the shoot (0.73 kg per shoot). According to the indicator complex in the first year of research after the experimental field trial, the following variants of bush loading with shoots and bunches were distinguished: the control first variant (35 shoots and 27 bunches per bush after breaking-off shoots) by the proportion of dead buds (16.7 %) and fruiting shoots (72.5 %), the number of inflorescences (30 pcs.), the fruitfulness coefficient k1 (0.75), yield capacity (26.7 t/ha) and shoot productivity (0.59 kg per shoot); the fourth variant (23 shoots and 21 bunches) according to the fruitfulness coefficient k1 (0.81) and the productivity of the shoot (0.7 kg per shoot), the fifth variant (23 shoots and 15 bunches) according to the fruitfulness coefficient k2 (1.45), the bunch weight (0.91 kg), the loss from the bush (0.33 kg) and the productivity of the shoot (0.56 kg per shoot), the seventh variant (17 shoots and 15 bunches) according to the proportion of dead buds (16 %), fruitfulness coefficients k1 (0.81) and k2 (1.55); the ninth variant (13 shoots and 8 bunches) according to the proportion of fruiting shoots (61.5 %), fruitfulness coefficient k1 (0.77) and shoot productivity (0.55 kg per shoot).

Annotation

The paper present the experimental data of field studies in the central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar Territory to optimize the load of grape bushes with shoots and bunches of the Livya variety on the Shasla × Berlandieri 41B rootstock on drip irrigation. The scheme of bushes planting is 3.8 × 2 m, the formation of bushes is a high-standard two-armed cordon. The soils are low-humus, powerful leached chernozems. The average annual air temperature on the zone condition is 12.5-13.0 º�, the sum of active air temperatures is 3900- 4100 º�, the maximum temperature during the plants growing season is plus 40 º�, the minimum temperature in winter drops to minus 30 º�. The annual amount of precipitation is 700-800 mm. Under these agroecological conditions, the grape variety Livya on the Shasla × Berlandieri 41B rootstock showed high responsiveness to optimizing the load of bushes with shoots and bunches. When the bushes are loaded with shoots of 26 pieces / bush and bunches are in the amount of 24 pieces / bush, the average weight of a grape bunch reaches the highest value and is 0.767 kg. The highest yield of 31 t / ha with the highest share of marketable yield of 97 % is formed when the bushes are loaded with shoots and bunches in the amount of 26 and 35 pcs / bush, respectively. With such regulations for the load of bushes, the average mass of a grape bunch is 15 % less and is 0.669 kg. The optimized regulation of the load of bushes with shoots and bunches in the amount of 26 and 35 pcs. / bush, respectively, can be recommended in the central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar Territory for growing high yields and good quality of Livya grapes.

Annotation

Based on experimental studies, the production variability of table grape variety Pamyati Uchitelya was established when manipulating the load of bushes with shoots and bunches. Field studies were carried out in the Central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar region, the planting scheme of the bushes is 3.5 × 3.5 m, the formation of bushes is a high-standard two-armed cordon, the rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature at the study area is 12.5-13.0 ºC, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, the minimum in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual precipitation is 700-800 mm. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. The grape variety Pamyati Uchitelya has a high production responsiveness to manipulations with the vegetative and generative organs of plants under such agroecological conditions. There is a change in the bunch weight and the grape yield, depending on the load of the bushes with shoots and bunches. The largest bunch weight (0.551 kg) is formed at the lowest load of bushes with shoots of 18 pcs/bush and bunches of 27 pcs/bush in the Central agroecological viticulture zone of the Krasnodar region. The correlation dependence of the average bunch weight of grapes on the number of shoots was very weak, r = 0.1, on the number of bunches � inverse and weak, r = -0.26. The highest yield capacity was at the highest load of bushes with shoots (30 pcs/bush) and bunches (54 pcs/bush) and amounted to 19.40 t/ha. The correlation dependence of yield capacity on the number of shoots on the bushes was weak, r = 0.2, on the number of bunches � medium, r = 0.5, on the bunch weight � strong, r = 0.7.

Annotation

Experimental data of field studies carried out in the central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar Territory about the different agrobiological reaction of the Libya variety to the rootstocks of Berlandieri × Riparia SO4 and Shasla × Berlandieri 41B are presented. Scheme of bush planting on the plot studied of 3.8 × 2 m, the formation of bushes � a high-standard two-armed cordon. The soils are low-humus, powerful leached chernozems. The average annual air temperature is 12.5-13.0 ºC, the sum of active air temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, the minimum in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is 700-800 mm. Under these agro-ecological conditions, the Libya grapes on the 41B rootstock significantly surpass the SO4 grapes in terms of the combination of positive characteristics. Biometric economically valuable traits of the Libya grape variety on the 41B rootstock were significantly better than that on the SO4 rootstock. On the rootstock 41B, the berry acquires an oval shape, and they are larger, the bunch is cylindro-conical, the color is yellow-orange with a faint scarlet tint on the sunny side. The beginning of ripening and harvesting of grapes on this rootstock begins earlier by 17-13 days, mass ripening � by 20-7 days. In the vineyards grafted on the 41B rootstock, the grape yield was 1.9 times higher than on the SO4 rootstock and amounted to 26.65 t / ha. The share of the marketable part of grapes on the 41B rootstock was 94 % and on the SO4 rootstock � 84 %. The tasting score of berries grown on the 41B rootstock was on average 8.6 points, as well as on SO4 � 8.1 points. The differences are related to the different accumulation of sugar in the berries.