Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Fomenko Taras
Articles in journal: (total 12)
The method of a field experiment accompanied with laboratory analyses and mathematical data processing is the basis for work. At a laying of a field experiment and carrying out calculations and observations and other types of field works used the standard techniques are used. The analysis of the obtained experimental data is carried out by methods of mathematical statistics. The biological assessment of growth regulators of new generation in the plantings of fruit and berry crops and grapes was the purpose of our research. The research was conducted in the plantings of an apple-tree, wild strawberry and grapes. The regulators of growth of new generation - Atonik Plus, Zerebra Agro, VL 77, Agro-Stimul and Avibif on phases of plants development of plants during the vegetative period were used. The results of the conducted research showed that a 3-time processing by Atonik Plus in a dose of 0,2 l/hectare, was the most effective on an apple-tree, the reliable increase in a crop of fruits was 7,0 t/hectare in comparison with control. The increase in a crop of fruits is occurred due to a smaller falling of fruits during formation of an ovary and increase in average mass of fruits. On Elsanta strawberry use of the Avibif growth regulator promoted the improvement of growth processes of plants, the increase in quantity of flowers was observed. The increase in berries crop was 2,5 t/hectare of with a dose of preparation of 0,6 l/hectare. The greatest rise of a crop is got at processing of grapes by preparation VL 77 in a dose of 0,3 l/hectare (6,5 t/hectare). The research of biological efficiency of new forms of growth regulators in production plantings of garden cultures and grapes showed prospects their use for regulation of growth processes of plants, increases in efficiency and improvement of quality of fruits and berries.
It is established that the apple tree plants on watering in the low-moistening conditions of the Rostov and Stavropol regions characte-rized by high content of plastic substances, indicating on activization of physiological and biochemical processes at the optimize water regime. It is necessary for reduce the imbalance of the nutrinion elements on chernozem soils the rational and timely complex introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers
Detection of distinctions of soil fertility of garden cenoses is the main criterion defining the efficiency of the differentiated application of fertilizers. The elements of precision use systems of mineral fertilizers at drop irrigation in the fruit plantings taking into account the defference of soil fertility indicators are studied insufficiently. The purpose of research is to determine the consistent patterns of change of providing levels of an apple-tree with available elements of food in a zone of localization of mineral fertilizers at small-volume irrigation taking into account the difference of soil cover. The research are carried out under the conditions of unstable moistening of Krasnodar Region in the industrial plantings of apple-tree of the varieties of winter term maturing on M9 rootstock cultivated using the intensive technologies. As a result of a soil- agric-chemical research the considerable change of soil fertility parameters depending on a zone of selection of soil samples is established. In the places of local application of fertilizers the content of nitrate nitrogen increases in 19,3 mg/kg on average, ammoniac nitrogen - on 4,74 mg/kg and exchange potassium - on 92,5 mg/kg in a soil layer of 0-30 cm. The fertigation has exerted the considerable impact on variability of soil properties; the strengthening of micro variability of soil parameters of agric-physical and agric-chemical conditions of soils is noted. It is shown that introduction when fertigation even rather small doses of mineral fertilizers on elementary sites of the increased provide with nutrients does not lead to increase in maintenance of food elements in the soil. A conclusion is made that in the garden cenoses cultivated by intensive technologies it is necessary to develop a complex of agric-technical methods of application of the differentiated doses of the mineral fertilizers combining an intra soil introduction, a fertigation and not root top dressing of fruit plants.
Treatment of growth regulator Regalis of apple tree decreased fall of fruits, which in turn has helped increase yield and improve of fruit quality. The significant reduction of the length of internodes and decreases of size of tree annual shoots
The problems of transformation of chernozem soils properties of garden cenoses during drip irrigation with mineralized water are considered. The widespread introduction of drip irrigation with the mineral fertilizers to cultivate fruit plantations using intensive technologies has created a number of environmental problems. The forced use of mineralized water for irrigation due to limited resources contributes to changes in the properties of chernozem soils, in recent years. It is manifested fruit plants oppression against the background of the constant use of fertigation in the intensive fruit plantations. It was found that drip irrigation of apple orchards with mineralized water contributed to the accumulation of water-soluble salts in the main zone of soil moisture. The use of long-term drip the irrigation in fruit plantations led to the gradual leaching of calcium ions from the zones of local soil moisture. The proportion of magnesium in the soil-absorbing complex as a result of irrigation increased in 20.8-32.8 % of the amount of absorbed bases. On the plot with oppressed apple-trees, a higher content of exchangeable magnesium in the soil was noted in comparison with apple plantations under a satisfactory condition. The increased content of sodium in irrigation water led to a significant increase in its concentration in the places of localization of irrigation water in areas with both depressed and apple trees in satisfactory condition. The content of exchangeable sodium in the soil layer 0-30 cm under the droppers increased in 0.94-1.74 mg-eq./100 g. of soil. The share of exchangeable sodium in the soil absorbing complex in the zone of local soil moisture increased in 3.1-5.3 % of the amount of absorbed bases, which indicates a weak degree of soil salinity. Analysis of apple varieties productivity indicates the influence of tree growth conditions the yield and fruit quality, the share of the influence of soil conditions was 81.8-93.6 %.