Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents genotyping results of 16 samples with indetermined status from the Ampelographic Collection �Magarach� by 9 nuclear microsatellite markers (ssrVVMD5, ssrVVMD7, ssrVVMD25, ssrVVMD27, ssrVVMD28, ssrVVMD32, ssrVrZAG62, ssrVrZAG79, ssrVVS2). Extraction of genomic DNA was carried out using a CTAB buffer from an average sample of young leaves or green cambial tissue of shoots. The purity and amount of DNA were assessed spectrophotometrically using a �Biophotometer plus� instrument. The polymerase chain reaction was performed on a �T100 Thermal Cycler� (BioRad). The PCR mixture consisted of a 2.5x reaction mixture and primers with fluorescent labels FAM, TAMRA, and R6G produced by �OOO Sintol�. The primers were combined into multiplexes in accordance with the size of the resulting amplicons and the annealing temperature. Fragment analysis of PCR products was performed on an ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer using Gene Mapper software. The varieties were identified by comparing the obtained DNA-profiles with the Vitis International Variety Catalog (VIVC) database. According to the results of genotyping, samples with indeterminate status are identified as varieties: Asyl Kara, Vasarga chernaya, Galbena de Odobeshti, Genusa Tsibil, Grec Rouge, Cruciulita, Marash Cherven, Muscat fleur d�oranger, Muscat Hamburg, Mtsvane Kakhuri, Negru Virtos, Ozirovka, Plavaie, Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Tsolikouri. Deviations in the obtained DNA-profiles from the data of VIVC database by 1-2 alleles were revealed for 8 studied samples, which, presumably, can be explained by population variability, and in some cases by somatic mutations. This study demonstrates the result of molecular-genetic approaches to identify grape varieties.

Annotation

The creating of new grape table varieties of early ripening with a smart bunch and large berries will solve the problem of increased demand for products of biological value and will accelerate the process of import substitution. This is especially important since it will allow to ensure by fresh grapes of domestic production the market with a deficit of fruits and berries in the early summer period and in the holiday season of residents and guests of the Crimea and other regions of the Russian Federation. The study of promising grape types conducted during the years 2012-2015 allowed us to single out as elite a hybrid form from the seedlings population of Podarok Zaporojya x Livia � Magarach � PZL-1 with the working title Muskat of Cramea. The article outlines the main ampelographic and bio-economic parameters characterizing this promising new variety.Very early maturity (August 5), production period � 110 days. Resistance to frost up to minus 24º�. The recommended bush training is a double-arm cordon with trunk height of 80-100 cm. The recommended load on the bush is 24 eyes; load per fruit shoot is 8 eyes. The planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Prophylactic treatment against fungal diseases is required 3-4 times per season. The high frost resistance (up to minus 24ºC) of the elite form of Muscat of Crimea is established in comparison with the control Cardinal grapes. The new variety is characterized by high quality of the crop when it planted on well-lit warm slopes. Cultivation of grapevine cv Muskat of Cramea in the conditions of the Southern coast of the Crimea will allow obtaining 1971.8 thousand rubles net income from a hectare of plantation annually.