Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The basis of rational distribution of fruit crops is the principle of consistency between their requirements to soil conditions and soil features on specific indicators: the level of salt content, moisture content, mechanical composition, density, and others. In this regard, the study and evaluation of soil and nvironmental conditions using the perspective methods of accounting and systematization of information on specific fruit farms and orchards quarters are very actual. For the territory of Krasnodar Region the content and depth of the carbonate - one of the limiting factors of growth of fruit crops (except apricot) were analyzed. The forecast of optimal placement of fruit crops depending on soil conditions was carried out with the help of geographic information technologies (GIS) based on computer databases spatially coordinated data, coupled with special software and hardware for data entry, storage and multipurpose analysis. On the basis of GIS the computer maps were built, reflecting the soil properties for each indicator were created. As a result of the work it is carried out the systematization of soil and resource data for the Krasnodar Region on the indicators of gardens suitability based on data bases (DB), coupled with the special software and hardware. The results of our work are presented on the example of identifying areas with a high content of CaCO3 in the soil layers at depths of up to 1 m across the region. The computer maps for ecologically accurate and economically viable placement of fruit types on the macrozones in the landscape are created.

Annotation

For each administrative territories of the North Caucasus the criterions of the forecast of repeatability of annual minimum air temperatures are developed early. The simplified system of forecasting of fructification regularity of fruit crops in the South of Russia on limiting factors of winter and spring periods with use of graphic and mathematical models is offered. However, the placement of fruit crops in the South of Russia does not always correspond to climatic conditions, first of all � to the winter and spring periods. The purpose of our work is development of meteorological criterions for an assessment of areas of apricot cultivation. Objects of research are meteorological indicators of winter and spring periods in the various administrative regions of the North Caucasus. The research are carried out using a technique of estimation of climatic winter conditions for fruit crops in the Crimea. To resolve the question of fruit crop's placement in the concrete region of the North Caucasus, we defined the repeatability of annual minimum air temperatures. The calculations of their repeatability are presented as nomograms that allow to reveal the structure of average values for the whole entire period of observation. The offered nomograms allow to define the probability of critical minimum temperature in any point of the North Caucasus and to predict a regularity of fruit crop's fruiting according to their overwintering. It is possible to define the probability of fruit crops ruin with use of offered nomograms in any region of the North Caucasus from adverse conditions of winter and spring periods. In this research the probability of ruin of apricot floral buds from sharp temperature fluctuations in January � February under conditions of Krasnodar is calculated and the possible frost resistance of apricot plants in this area is defined.