Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of scientific research conducted by the ARRIV&W � branch of the FSBSI FRARC in 2023. As a result of the research, new knowledge was obtained in the field of viticulture and winemaking, data was obtained on the agrobiological potential of autochthonous and introduced varieties in the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko, systematization and digitalization of ampelographic resources data was carried out, 3 databases of grape ampelographic resources and the conditions of their growth were created. Varieties resistant to harmful organisms have been identified. Recommendations on the variety assortment and direction of use of autochthonous and introduced varieties have been developed. A method for storing grape plants in in vitro culture, methods for forming a collection and long-term non-transplant storage of grape plants in in vitro culture, ensuring non-transplant storage of microplants for up to 10-12 months have been developed. Breeding material was obtained: 25 sources of valuable traits (large size, productivity, resistance to mildew), 21 seedlings were selected as elite. Two grape varieties were submitted to the State Varietal Testing. An improved technology for obtaining basic planting material has been developed. The technology of adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been improved. Technologies for the production of planting material using PAS and elicitors have been developed. Seven modifications of high-standard grape formations have been developed, and optimal agro-technical parameters for cultivating grapes under various cultivation methods have been determined. Based on the analysis of geophysical, geological, climatic and soil characteristics, experimental data were obtained on the zoning of vineyard lands in the Rostov region, the determination of ecological, agrobiological, technological parameters that determine the terroirs of the Rostov region, the development of technologies that improve the quality wine products.

Annotation

Monitoring phytosanitary studies have shown differences in the prevalence and harmfulness of the European grapevine moth on vine plantations in the Rostov region in 2021 and 2022. Under favorable conditions for the development of the pest, yield losses from its impact on the generative organs of grapes can reach 40%, and the damage caused by it can contribute to the development of mycoses. A significant increase in the first generation of male butterflies was noted in 2022 compared to 2021. In our opinion, the increase in the number of the pest was due to favorable conditions for the wintering forms of the European grapevine moth. In the autumn-winter period, the sum of negative temperatures was 2.4 times less than the long-term average norm. In 2021, the second generation of the pest was the most numerous, in 2022 � the first, which can be explained by the influence of meteorological factors, especially air humidity. In particular, during all phases of the growing season in 2021, air humidity was above 60%. The most favorable year for the development of the third generation of the European grapevine moth was 2021, as evidenced by the largest number of pest males in pheromone traps. To reduce the harmfulness of the European grapevine moth, protective measures were taken against the second and third generations of the pest. For this purpose, the insectoacaricide Kinfos (active ingredient: dimethoate + beta cypermethrin 300 + 40 g/l) was used, the application rate was 0.4-0.5 l/ha. The use of the insecticide on the varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Sibir'kovyy, Kristall, Tsvetochnyy contributed to a significant reduction in the prevalence of the pest, compared with untreated plantations. The listed varieties are characterized by the highest population of the pest. On the varieties Baklanovskiy, Denisovskiy, Kaberne severnyy, Kunlean', Pervenets Magaracha, Preobrazheniye revealed the least distribution of european grapevine moth.