Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Genetic resources of fruit plants is the one of the most important components of biological diversity having the actual value for industry of fruit production and creation of raw materials for processing industry. In this regard the problems of studying and rational use of genetic collections are especially actual and they have connected with ensuring of food safety of the country. The results of use of genetic resources of stone fruit crops under the conditions of the South of Russia are presented in this article. The main directions of cherry breeding under the conditions of the southern gardening as the adaptability, and quality of fruits are shown. The characteristic is given to the cherry varieties of local breeding received on the basis of methods of trans-varieties and trans-species and hybridization and a mutagenesis. It is shown the efficiency of the directed breeding with use of sources of valuable traits allowed you to create the cherry varieties of new generation, steady against the dominate diseases (cocomicosus and monilia), drought-resistant, productive and with the high quality of fruits. By results of breeding work in the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation has included by two cherry varieties of breeding of the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute - Kirina and Krasnodarskaya sladkaya differing in high quality of fruits and productivity. The cherry varieties of different term of ripening are transferred to the State variety testing in the Region: early ripening - Aleksa and Cazachka, average ripening - Cubanochka, and variety of Nora of late term of ripening. The patent is taken out on Aleksa cherry. New varieties expand the zoned and promising assortment of stone fruit crops of domestic breeding and give the chance for creation of varieties resistant against biotic and abiotic stresses and for creation of steadily fructifying and highly productive cherry plantings in the South of Russia.

Annotation

The article presents the results of study of cherry cultivars different ecological-geographical origin resistant to most harmful diseases � to coccomicosis and monilia, significantly reducing the stability and productivity of perennial plants in the conditions of the Kuban zone of gardening of Krasnodar Region. The aim of the research is the selection of cherry cultivars steady to the main diseases, the determining productivity, fruit quality and stability of fruit production under conditions of biotic stresses and also the improvement on the basis of selected varieties of modern cherry assortment in the South of the country. The results of the field stability evaluation of different cherry varieties, domestic breeding and introduced, to the main diseases are presented. It is found that the heavy defeat of the studied diseases of cherry's leaves and fruits leads to the reduction of the generative activity of cherry cultivars, expressed in lower yields. As a result of study the domestic cherry varieties of new generation � Kazachka, Alexa, Vstrecha, Novella, combining a complex resistance to coccomycosis and to monilia are selected. The conjugation of the varieties resistance with the formation of the biological potential of productivity, yield capacity and fruit quality is shown. Based on these data, it is selected the group of the most productive cherries varieties, shown in a stressful environment the greater resistance to abiotic factors and high yield: in the range of 15-20 kg/tree or 10-13 t/hectar at planting scheme 5�3m. On the results of our evaluation these native varieties of Alexa, Dombasia, Kazachka, Kirina, and Molodezhnaya have recommended to expand the cherry assortment in the Kuban area of horticulture of the Krasnodar Region

Annotation

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive physiological assessment of 16 cherry`s varieties of various ecological and geographical origin in the Prikuban fruit growing zone of the Krasnodar Territory. The purpose of these studies was to study the physiological characteristics of the formation of cherry adaptability according to drought plant tolerance under the conditions of Southern horticulture to select the most resistant varieties to drought and heat. According to the indicators of leaf tissue water content, the cherry varieties of Timati, Feya, Dyuk Ivanovna, Dyuk Khodosa and Kazachka were revealed in the insufficient moisture period. Varieties characterized by the least loss of water during a long drought were found: Dzhusi Frut (7.1 %), Dyuk Ivanovna (7.4 %), Fairy (7.9 %), Orotak (8.4 %), Dyuk Hodosa (6.5 %), Timati (6.6 %), Vstrecha (6.8 %), Erdie Botermo (6.9%), Prizvanie (6.9%). It was established that in the studied cherry varieties the water-keeping capacity of leaf tissues was quite high and was determined by varietal characteristics and conditions of the year. According to the dry substances content in leaf tissues, the dynamics of which during the period of abnormally high positive temperatures effect indicate to some extent the drought tolerance of cherry varieties. The varieties with the lowest dry matter content like Timati (11.2 %), Dyuk Hodosa (10.4 %), Dyuk Ivanovna (12,2 %), Erdie Bothermo (11.8 %), Jusi Frut (12.5 %) are selected. At the same time, a relationship was established between the hydration of leaf tissues and the dry substances content in them, which increase with a decrease in the total water content. By the complex of physiological parameters, the most drought tolerant varieties under the conditions of the Kuban zone of the Krasnodar Territory are revealed, they are Dyuk Ivanovna, Dyuk Khodosa, Timati and Feya. These varieties can be recommended for cultivation and adaptive cherry plantations under conditions of Southern Region.