Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Data on biological effectiveness and duration of antifungal action in the field of four new microbiofungicides of fungal and bacterial origin in complex systems of grapes protection from mildew are presented

Annotation

Worldwide studies conducted on various crops, including grapes, show the expansion of the species diversity of mycopathogens due to the appearance of new species. It is reported about the species Alternaria Nees, Fusarium Link, Aspergillus P. Micheli ex Haller, Penicillium Link, Cladosporium Link with pathogenic properties for plants on which they have not been detected before. These fungi cause leaf spotting and exist in pathocomplexes, the structures of which differ depending on the culture, the affected organ, and phenological phase. A complex of fungi was found on the grapes, which causes necrosis of the leaves and serious damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant. A strong development of the disease leads to the death of the leaf plate. In our study, 13 species of fungi isolated from necrotic leaves were found. The dominant fungi are Alternaria Nees, the common Aspergillus niger Tiegh., Mucor Fresen., Fusarium Link. Minor Components are Penicillium Link, Aspergillus flavus Link, Trichoderma Pers., Cladosporium Link. The composition of the mycopathocomplex is dynamic, varies depending on the phenological phase and abiotic conditions. Aspergillus niger Tiegh and Fusarium Link is found on young leaves with necrotic damages together with Alternaria fungi. In hotter and drier July, the number of Aspergillus fungi increases, but the percentage of occurrence of Alternaria and Fusarium decreases. In August-September, on old and weakened leaves, Mucor Fresen was much more common in the mycopathocomplex, which may indicate its necrotrophy in relation to grapes.

Annotation

The functional essence of ecologization of reproduction processes in viticulture is refined. The areas of negative symptoms in ampelocenosis caused by massive use of chemicals are defined. The efficiency of use of developed biotechnologies in the protection of vineyards is empirically proved and justified by calculation

Annotation

The data about the increase of species composition and increase the range of Phytophags order Thysanoptera, H�m�ptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera in the vineyards are presented. The most significant changes occurred in the fauna of sucking pests. The reasons for the changes are named: the introduction of planting material, adaptation to the conditions of the grape ecosystem of local fauna.

Annotation

The data of the biological efficiency of integrated systems for the protection of grapes from oidium with chemical and microbiological (fungal and bacterial) fungicides are presented. A comparative assessment of the influence of chemical and biologized protection systems at grape phylloplan is given. The following stress reduction phytotoxicity biologized protection systems, expressed in maintaining moisture in the plants is shown.