Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Cherkezova Sajde
Articles in journal: (total 11)
The data of research that reveal the mechanisms of phytosanitary control of fruit agrocenosis are presented. Research are directed on the decision of problems of biosystem ecologization connected with revealing of stability degree of myco- pato- entomocenosis of fruit orchard and strawberry on exogenous fluctuation reaction (weather factors, entering of pesticides, degree of intensity of gardening technology etc.).
The results of long-term researches on the species composition of pests and beneficial fauna, biological characteristics of pests, trophic relations in entomo and acarapidosis apple-tree orchards, the definition of the role of natural mineral entomo- acarifauna populations, the degree of settling of orchards phyto, entomo - and acariphages depending on the age of a orchard are presented. Influence of level of pesticidal loads on species composition of phyto, entomo - and acariphages is studied. Systems of plant protection with a share of ecologically safe products of 25-30 % allow to receive biological efficiency of 91-99 %, to keep a complex of useful fauna.
The results of long-term research of pests species composition of fruit plantations in the South of Russia are presented. The crops inhabited by pests are refined, the most typical signs of damages of fruit plants are established
The article presents the results of long term of research on the species composition of the harmful fauna of the apple orchard. It is established that under the influence of climatic changes and technogenic impact, many species have developed a number of adaptive responses for survival under the changing environmental conditions. The increase in the number of weakened trees by a number of different weather stresses (frosts, rain showers, hail, air and soil drought) led to the appearance of new types of trunk`s vermins and to the strengthening harmfulness of previously known species. In our study, we noted an increased harmfulness in the Lepidoptera vermin complex and the appearance of new phytophagous species, which development is marked by a large their number and increased aggressiveness. There is a fluctuation, a change in the dominant species within the complexes. For example, the number of subcrustal leaf rollers (Enarmonia formosana Scop.) in the apple agrocenoses increased in 3,4 times, and the number of other species of leaf rollers dominated in 2011 decreased to economically insignificant value. The yellow pear scabbard (Quadraspidiotus pyri Licht.) be-gan to damage the plantations instead of the Californian Scabbard. Phytosanitary monitoring, carried out in the fruit plantations of the region in 2014-2017 revealed the significant functional and structural changes in the sucking entomocomplexes. It was found that the stability of most vermins has been developed for dimethoates, chlorpyrifos and malathions. It is established that the main components of sucking communities, first of all, react to abiotic factors of influence. The tendency of change in the species composition and intrapopulation structures of harmful organisms was revealed as a result of the use of insecticides of organophosphorus synthesis in frost-weakened trees.
The results of long-term research of species composition of four-legged ticks of fruit plantations are presented. The most typical signs of damages by harmful species, the degree of the population of pome and stone fruit cultures are established. The measures of fight with the phytophagous are working out, the efficiency of insectacaricides with different mechanism of action and different acting substances is determined. The possibility of use the biological preparations against ticks-wreckers is established and periods of their application are determined