Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Clonal breeding of grapes is one of the methods of variety improvement, which allows to identify the genetic variations of the variety most adapted to climatic and soil growing conditions. More than three thousand clones have been registered in the world, most of which are 1.5 times more productive than mother plantations. The search for adapted genotypes to the agro-climatic conditions of the Temryuk region is a promising task, since about 30 % of grape plantations in the Krasnodar region are located in this area. Higher productivity of clonal breeding can be expected when working with varieties of old origin. Saperavi is an ancient Georgian grape variety, one of the best Georgian varieties for winemaking. The purpose of our research is to isolate new clones of the Saperavi variety, adapted to local growing conditions. An analysis of the climatic conditions of the Temryuk region indicates an increase in the aridity of the territory (the period of 1991-2020 compared to 1961-2020), an increase in the average absolute maximum air temperature and an increase in the frequency of temperatures below minus 20 ºC. In the Temryuk region, in industrial plantations of the Saperavi variety, an expeditionary survey was carried out to identify bushes for inclusion in further study as candidates for clones of the Saperavi variety. As a result of the survey, according to a complex of positive characteristics, 4 bushes were identified for further observations and records. The selected samples according to the microsatellite DNA profile correspond to the Saperavi variety. Experimental samples of grapes were used in the preparation of red table wines by fermentation of the must on the pulp in the micro-winemaking department. All experimental samples of Saperavi wines had similar values in the concentrations of sugars and titrated acids. The mass concentration of the given extract in the experimental samples of dry wines was in the range of 26.1-28.8 g/dm3.

Annotation

Powdery mildew of grapes or oidium is one of the most common and economically significant diseases of grapes. The causative agent of the disease is biotrophic ascomycete Erysiphe necator. Powdery mildew is a global disease that reduces the yield and quality of grapes, while causing significant damage to viticulture around the world. Most cultivated grape varieties are susceptible to this pathogen, therefore, pesticide treatment is used to reduce the incidence of disease. Resistance to powdery mildew is mainly found in the genotypes of North American and Asian grape varieties. The search for donors of resistance to powdery mildew and the subsequent creation of new resistant and high-quality grape varieties is one of the main tasks of grape breeding. Cultivation of resistant varieties will reduce the use of pesticides, which in the future will make it possible to switch to more environmentally safe industrial viticulture. At present, a number of loci of resistance to powdery mildew (more than 10) have been identified, and DNA markers have been constructed that are suitable for identifying the allelic status of these genes. Among the identified loci of resistance to powdery mildew, Ren3 and Ren9 genes have a large contribution. The study involved elite technical forms of grapes of the NCFSCHVW breeding, the genotypes of which could potentially contain loci of resistance to powdery mildew (Tana 19, Tana 72, Tana 73, Tana 74, Tana 82, Tana 92). To identify the genes that cause genetic resistance to powdery mildew, specific codominant SSR markers GF15-42, ScORGF15-02 were used to identify the Ren3 gene, and SSR marker CenGen6 to identify the Ren9 gene. As a positive control, we used the DNA of the cultivar Seyve Villard 12-375, which has resistance alleles. The work was carried out by the PCR method, with the separation of reaction products using the method of capillary electrophoresis on an automatic genetic analyzer Nanofor 05. As a result of DNA marker analysis, it was determined that the genotype Tana 92 contain the Ren9 gene. The Ren3 and Ren9 genes has been identified in grapevine Tana 73 and Tana 74.

Annotation

The use of DNA markers, along with classical identification methods based on morphological assessment, makes it possible to more accurately determine the varietal affiliation of grape plants, as well as clarify the origin of genotypes. The purpose of this work is to perform genotyping of grape varieties bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing (DBESV&V) using microsatellite markers (SSR) used for varietal identification and clarify the origin of varieties using DNA analysis data. The objects of the study were six table grape varieties � Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muscat Derbenskiy. The DNA of the studied varieties was extracted by the CTAB method from herbarized plant material. Genotyping was carried out using a standard set of SSR markers: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79 by PCR followed by analysis of the results on an ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer, the obtained data were processed using the GeneMapper v 4.1 program and aligned with reference variety Pinot noir. Pedigrees of varieties were analyzed based on the principle of codominant inheritance of alleles from parents to offspring. DNA profiles of parental forms (Csaba gyoengye, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Hamburg, Kirovabadskiy stolovyi) of the studied varieties were taken from the international database of grape varieties VIVC (Vitis International Variety Catalogue), and we also used the previously developed DNA passport of Agadai variety. As a result of the study, DNA-passports of 6 varieties of DBESV&V breeding were developed. DNA analysis confirmed origin of grape varieties Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muskat Derbentskiy from the declared parental forms.