Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Decorative shapes of garden rocks and grapes in the landscape construction
The purpose of this work is to study the species and varieties of ornamental flowering shrubs of the genus Weigela Thunb. in the Kuban State University Traning Botanical Garden for their use in the gardening of urban gardens and parks, as well as the use in landscape design of private territories. The object of the research is the plants of the Weigela genus (Weigela Thunb.), growing in the collection of Training Botanical Garden. The material for writing the work was field records and diaries, photographs, drawings, herbarium specimens of plants genus under study. The anatomical structure of species and varieties leaves of the genus Weigela Thunb was studied. The studies were conducted 2018-2019. In the process research, the botanical microtechnology was applied. The article presents a brief morphological characteristics of the leaves of the studied genus. The results of studying the anatomy of the representatives leaves of the genus Weigela Thumb. are presented. Analysis of the anatomical structure of the leaves of the genus Weigela Thunb. plant varieties revealed the following features. The leaf epidermis is most developed in the variety ʹNana Variegataʹ and is 2,0 mcm. The maximum thickness of the phloem part of the beam is 3,1 mcm for this variety. Xylem and columnar mesophyll are better developed in the leaves of ʹNana Variegataʹ variety, as well as the Weigela leaves are distinguished by the thickness of a spongy mesophyll. Mechanical tissue in the veins of the leaf is most expressed in the varieties of ʹNana Variegataʹ and ʹDame Blancheʹ. The distance width of the beam xylem part is approximately the same for all representatives, but the varieties of ʹCaricatureʹ and ʹRumbaʹ are outstanding according to this indicators.
Forsythia is one of the most spectacular early-spring flowering shrubs. The genus Forsythia contains 13 natural species and several hybrid ones Forsythia × intermedia Zabel, Forsythia × mandschurica Uyeki., and complex hybrid Forsythia × intermedia Zabel. × Forsythia ovata Nakai.. Three species F. × intermedia Zabel., F. ovata Nakai F. intermedia Zabel. × F. ovata Nakai. were recommended for ornamental gardening in the humid subtropical zone of Russia. Morphological and biological characteristics of 15 varieties of 4 species: F. × intermedia ('Densiflora', 'Golden Times', 'Lynwood', 'Maluch', 'Mikador', 'Primulina', 'Spectabilis', 'Spring Glory', 'Vitellina', 'Week-end'), F. koreana 'Kumson', F. ovata 'Tetragold', F. intermedia × ovata ('Beatrix Farrand', 'Goldzauber', 'Parkdekor') were studied on the basis of the botanical garden "Tree of friendship", "Subtropical Botanical garden of Kuban", arboretum parks "Southern cultures" and "Dendrarium". Early-flowering F. × intermedia 'Densiflora' and F. × intermedia 'Spectabilis' of medium flowering period are recommended as the main varieties for landscaping objects of the Sochi Black sea region. The cultivar with the latest flowering period is Forsythia intermedia × ovata 'Beatrix Farrand'. The distinctive light color shade is noted for F. × intermedia 'Maluch'. The tallest variety is F. × intermedia 'Lynwood', and the shortest variety is F. × intermedia 'Mikador'. As a result of study carried out we made a conclution that it is necessary to continue work on attracting and testing the world assortment of forsythia in the region, as well as to start regional breeding research to obtain the new varieties resistant to stress-factors of region.
Knowledge of the seasonal development of introduced plants allows us to assess their adaptive potential in the new growing conditions, the prospects of their cultivation, and also is an important component in the development of cultivation technologies. In the period from 2012 to 2018, the features of seasonal rhythms of the development of alternative species of evergreen ground cover lawn-forming plants of the genus Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. Under the conditions of humid subtropics of Russia were studied. The studied taxa are characterized by a long growing season (March-December) with growth peaks in the spring (April-May) and autumn (October-November) months. Under the humid subtropics of Russia, the objects of research go through all stages of development, which allows us to conclude that they are adapted to climatic conditions when they are not fully consistent with the ecological optimum of the studied taxa. High winter hardiness and drought tolerance of the studied representatives of the genera Liriope Lour and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. in the region of research were noted. However, high air temperatures in the summer period against the background of insufficient moisture supply can lead to a short-term growth suspension. Significant differences in the timing and duration of flowering and fruiting compared to natural areas were found. In research region conditions, a shift of these phenophases to a later date with a decrease in they duration is noted. This fact indicates that the conditions of the humid subtropics of Russia are not fully consistent with the ecological optimum of the studied plants and causes a decrease in the productivity of generative reproduction. Against the background of oppressed seed reproduction, high vegetative reproduction efficiency was noted. This fact meets fully the need for planting material and decorative plantings formation. The research results confirm the prospects of plants of the genus Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. under consideration for wide cultivation in the conditions of the zone of humid subtropics of Russia.
Modern research Japan quince, as the fruit crops, returned to him with interest and in ornamental horticulture. The main problem of negative attitudes towards Japan quince in the landscaping of the South of Russia connected with the use of planting material of seed origin, that is, not the varietal. This constrains its mass use in gardening. 20 varieties of Japan quince, as a blossoming shrub, were studied and evaluated. The most decorative are nine varieties: 2 varieties of Ch. speciosa 'Umbilicata Kermesina, 5 varieties of Ch. × superba Crimson and Gold, Ernst Finken, Grenade, Clementine, 'Orange Trail', and 2 varieties of Chaenomeles × vilmoriniana Afterglow, Vedrariensis. It is shown that the flowering period of chaenomeles under the conditions of damp subtropics of Russia lasts from late November to May. Based on phenological observations, early (Clementine), medium (Kermesina) and late-flowering (Vedrariensis) varieties were identified. Low - growing henomeles include 'Orange Trail', medium-sized Grenade, tall Ernst Finken. Recommended for use in gardening varieties have flower color of white (Afterglow), orange ('Orange Trail'), pink (Umbilicata), red (Crimson and Gold) and multicolored (Vedrariensis). The study of biological characteristics of Chaenomeles varieties has shown their different relationship to environmental factors, among which the main importance is relation to drought. In the humid subtropics of Russia, preference should be given to Chaenomeles speciosa, as well as its hybrids Selection of this beautiful-flowering shrub in order to obtain highly ornamental and resistant varieties in the South of Russia is an actual and promising direction of scientific research.
The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of 25 varieties of climbing roses (LCl-15 varieties, S-6, ClB-1, Ayr-1, HKor-2) under the climatic conditions of the central subzone of Krasnodar Territory. The assessment of the ornamental value of varieties was carried out according to 100 point system (methodology of State variety testing), which includes 10 characteristics: color, size, flower shape, doubleness, aroma, flower resistance, decorative bush, originality, abundance of flowering, and uniformity of the variety. When assessing the decorative merits, the highest scores were given to varieties: City of York (85), Adjimushkay (87). Devichji Grezy (87), Angela (90), Pierre de Ronsard (94), St. Swithun (92). Economic and biological properties of rose varieties under study were assessed using a 50 point system according to 6 characteristics: remontability, drought resistance, winter hardiness, disease resistance, self-cleaning, and the growth rate of the bush. As the results of the research carried out, the best rose varieties were identified on their economic and biological properties (rate above 35 points): Angela (44), City of York (38), Laguna (38), New Dawn (43), St.Swithun (44). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment (100 points + 50 points) the rose varieties were identified that received 120 points and above, which are considered promising for mass propagation and use in vertical gardening. The greatest stability in the manifestation of ornamental and economically valuable traits was shown by the varieties: City of York, Devichji Grezy, New Dawn, St. Swithun, Pierre de Ronsard, Adjimushkaj. The rose varieties that scored 100-119 points are considered as additional to the main list (Albertine, Duc de Constantine, Ducat, Ihtiandr, Maritim, etc.). When they are growing, the higher agricultural techniques for full decorative effect are needed. The rose varieties with a score of less than 100 points are recommended to be considered unpromising f or gardening (Ilse Krohn Superior).