Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Now in Russia the overproduction of red wines is noted, so the attempts to reduce the production of red wines towards increase the production of white wines are made. For create of new plantings of white grapes the old assortment is used, but it was strongly damaged in extreme 2005-2006. The purpose of research is study of economic and valuable traits, the technological and other indicators of new white grapes varieties. The integrated assessment of their varieties is given and the most perspective varieties for replenishment of modern assortment are allocated. The results of long-term study of new grapes varieties which is carried out at the Anapa Experimental Station of Vine growing and Winemaking during the period from 2006 to 2013 are presented in the article. It is established that average productivity of studied new grapes varieties is higher on 39-123 c/hectare, than zoned Aligote variety. During 2011-2013 this difference was 35,1-60,9 c/hectare. A number of perspective white technical grapes are revealed. These varieties have stability to adverse ecological factors of the environment and at the same time they are capable to give the high-quality wines. It is offered to use the technical grapes varieties � Arabushlo, Bakator white, Zolotaya osen, Polyuks in the industrial purposes and in the breeding work as donors of frost resistance, drought resistance and quality of wine. Use of these varieties will expand the borders of steady production of grapes in the region. The result of study of new grapes varieties of the technological direction is the quality of created wines: all experimental wine materials received the higher tasting estimates, than the wines made from control varieties.

Annotation

The European grapes varieties making the main source of raw materials of our wine-making have a number of qualitative merits in the ready wines, but they also have the demerits in productivity and resistance under our climatic conditions of cultivation. For a laying of new plantings of white grapes varieties the old assortment is used, which in the extreme winters of 2005-2006 was heavy damaged. The purpose of our research is study of physical and chemical and biochemical composition of wine materials and wines from perspective grapes varieties. Their characteristic on the main estimated indicators will allow to create the whole series of new qualitative wines. The results of long-term study of new high-adaptive grapes varieties are presented in this article. The research is carried out at the Anapa's Experimental Zonal Station of Wine growing and Winemaking for the period from 2001 to 2013, the research allowed to reveal a number of perspective white technical varieties which are resistant to adverse ecological factors of environment and capable to give the high-quality wines. On the basis of organoleptic properties the wine materials from grapes Varvarovskiy, Zolotaya Osen, Bokator (7,85 points); AZOS Riesling (7,83 points); Arabushlo (7,8 points) and Aligote's control (7,78 points) were recognized as the best samples. On physical and chemical indicators all studied wine materials are corresponded to requirements of GOST. On total accumulation of biologically active agents the wine material from grapes of Mtsvane Kakhetinskiy (47,6 mg/dm3) was selected. Based on the results of the long-term research carried out by us the conclusion is made that the selected grapes varieties should be allowed for use in the industrial application and also for widely use in the breeding work as donors of frost resistance, drought resistance and wine quality that will expand the borders of steady grapes production in the region.

Annotation

A modern assortment of technical grapes should be formed take into account the correspondence of the genetic potential of cultivars with terroir of cultivation, and the changing biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Climatic changes observed in recent decades are global in nature and have a significant impact the processes occurring in the biosphere. The weather conditions in 2018 had significant differences in temperature and water regimes from long-term average values, which made it possible to identify the biological characteristics of the adaptation of the studied red grape varieties to prevailing abiotic conditions, as well as to evaluate the organoleptic, physical and chemical, and biochemical properties of the wine materials from these varieties. In terms of the number of anthocyanins and the content of phenolic substances, the wine materials of the studied varieties of AZES breeding surpass the control variant. The largest number of anthocyanins was found in wine material from Krasnostop AZOS grapes � 1050 mg / dm3. In the wine material of the Cabernet AZOS, it was found � 606 mg / dm3 in comparison with the Cabernet Sauvignon control � 467 mg / dm3. There was no mathematically proven effect of the concentration of these substances the quality of wine in the experiment. The correlation coefficient between the content of phenolic substances and anthocyanins and the qualitative assessment of the studied table red wines was r = 0,14 and r = 0,17, respectively. In the experiment, the amount of extract given is statistically significantly correlated with the quality of red wine. As a result of mathematical processing of the data obtained during the research, the correlation coefficient between the content of sugarless extract and the qualitative assessment of table red wines was r = 0,68. According to the results of studies, it was found that wine materials prepared from grape varieties of the AZES breeding are not worse than the control of Cabernet Sauvignon according to organoleptic characteristics.

Annotation

The article presents the materials of table wines from grape researching varieties of the AZESV&W breeding � Krasnostop Anapskiy and Krasnostop AZOS. In Russia, it is necessary to produce the new brands of wines from local varieties with high quality, hygienic and biological value. For their production, it is necessary to select a grape assortment including the latest achievements of domestic breeding. The red wine enriches the body with useful microelements, vitamins and polyphenolic antioxidants and thereby prevents the beginning and development of many diseases. The number of anthocyanins in wines from Anapa Krasnostops exceeds the data on these components in the control version. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomeric forms in wine materials from the Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapskiy is higher than that of the quality control of red wines of Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in these new grape varieties. During the years of the study, Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapskiy received the good indicators on the organoleptic properties of wine materials � 8,79 and 8,74 points. Table wines from Krasnostops have a greater amount of chlorogenic, coffee and gallic acid than ones from Cabernet Sauvignon. In terms of the total amount of biologically active substances, the wine from the Krasnostop AZOS variety exceeds the control sample. According to the amount of aromatic substances from the studied red wines, one can distinguish the Krasnostop AZ-OS with a total concentration of 2343,1 mg / dm3. The maximum content of aromatic alcohols � 88,65 mg / dm3 is noted also in the wine of this variety. Wine sample of Krasnostop AZOS received the maximum in the experience organoleptic evaluation.

Annotation

It is established that series of grapes Merlot clones show the high production and qualitative potential in the conditions of Anapa-Taman area of Krasnodar region. Clones of grapes Merlot � 348, 349, 519, that are allocated on the basis of stable and high yield of good quality and clone 346, featuring a very good wines quality with suitable technology of processing should be recommended for commercial cultivation in this area