Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of our research was the study of influence of plants processings by preparation of "Mival-Agro" and "Albit TPS" on quality indicators and natural loss of bunch mass of table grapes varieties in the dynamics of post harvest storage. The objects of research were the table grapes varieties of Moldova and Muscat Hamburgskiy. The features of development of grapes plants under the influence of the examined preparation were studied using the standard methods of viticulture research. Impact assessment of foliar fertilizing with "Albit" and "Mival-Agro" preparations on organoleptic characteristics of table grapes and the value of the natural losses of a bunch mass during storage period is given in this article. It has been established as a result of carried out research that the use of growth stimulators of "Albit TPS" and "Mival-Agro" significantly improves the quality of Moldova and Muscat Hamburgskiy grapes varieties. It was shown that the value of the natural losses of a bunch mass of processing table grapes by testing preparations decreases in the process of 90 days storage. At the final stage of storage (after 150 days) under the studied systems of grapes treatments the difference in the values of natural losses was significant only for Muscat Hamburg variety. It is noted that the use of this experimental system of treatments improved the organoleptic properties of both studied grapes varieties. Thus, under treatments with "Mival Agro" the organoleptic qualities of Moldova variety rose up to 8.7 points, Muscat Hamburg variety - up to 8.2 points. Under treatments with "Albit TPS" the organoleptic qualities of Moldova variety rose up to 8.4 points. In addition to the above it is shown that these indicators were preserved over the long-term grapes storage under using of studied preparation.

Annotation

The aim of the breeding work is to create a new early ripening table grape variety resistant to stress factors of biosphere. The paper presents the results of the study of new populations of hybrid grape varieties of different ripening dates obtained as a result of breeding at the Institute "Magarach". We study the populations (F1) from combinations of crossbreeding, where the mother forms are table varieties: 'Vostorg Krasny', 'Talisman', 'Flamingo', 'Flora'. The main features of maternal forms are early and medium maturity, female type of flower, large, ornate berries and frost resistance. In order to select the elite forms in the populations of seedlings of the same combination of crossbreeding, a number of observations and studies are carried out, to study the different manifestations of various traits of parental forms. The following parameters were studied: bunch and berry size, berry colour and shape, bunch weight, weight of 100 berries, weight of comb, seeds and their quantity in one berry, as well as indicators of potential productivity. In a preliminary study of grape populations obtained from crossbreeding of varieties of different origin, the following results were obtained: the selection form 'Flamingo' was identified as a source of the traits "high bunch weight" and "high berry weight"; the maximum potential productivity has the forms in the population of 'Talisman x Marquise'; a very high variability of the indicator of "100 berry weight" in the population of hybrid forms 'Talisman x Ctoletie' was noted, which indicates the presence of contrasting forms according to this sign and allows us to reliably select the best of them. As a result, the most promising forms and combinations of crosses have been identified, namely 'Flora x Ruby sidles' Magarach �34-11-7-34, Magarach � 34-11-7-52 and in the crossing combination 'Talisman x Ctoletie' Magarach � 31-11-5-47.

Annotation

The Crimea is known as a recreational zone where a question of early receipt of fresh grapes during a resort season, and also the extension of the period of its consumption is very urgent. For the solution of this task the cultivation of grapes of early table varieties under the conditions of the covered soil is offered, that will provide the super early harvests. The agric and biological characteristics of table varieties of very early maturing are studied. The variability of beginning and passings of phenological phases is established, the potential efficiency and productivity is defined. The economic effect of cultivation of grapes varieties under the conditions of the uncovered and covered soil is estimated. Four table grapes varieties of very early maturing - Arkadia (control), Vostorg, Kodryanka, Livya are researched. It is shown that Arkadia and Kodryanka varieties have the rather late blooming of buds in the covered soil, and in the open soil. It is established that under the conditions of the covered soil the technological maturity of the studied grapes varieties in average comes in the second decade of July, at the same time a difference in terms of approach of technological maturity is in average 25 days. The smallest harvest from a bush is received for Vostorg grapes in covered soil (7,5 kg), and in the open ground (6,9 kg). The top yield is received at Livya variety in the covered soil - 11,2 kg. Indicators of net profit of Vostorg grapes have not insignificant distinctions when use the various technologies of cultivation. The Arkadia grapes (847,5 thousand rub/hectare), the Kodryanka (956,9 thousand rub/hectare) and the Livya (1291,4 thousand rub/hectare) allow you to gain the high economic effect of grapes cultivation in the covered soil.

Annotation

In the article presents the results of the study of quality indicators of wine grape varieties with intensively colored flesh Pamyati Golodrigi, Krasen and Nika, cultivated in the southern coastal and western foothill-coastal zones of Crimea. Studies were conducted in 2020-2021. Under different conditions of cultivation, the varieties under study show varietal specificity. Analysis of the indicator �average grape bunch weight� allows us to state that under the conditions of the southern coastal zone of Crimea, varieties Pamyati Golodrigi (control) and Krasen form a larger bunch, while the grape variety Nika has the opposite trend. Agroclimatic conditions of the western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea favor high accumulation of sugars in berries grapes all presented varieties (Pamyati Golodrigi � 24.0 g/100 cm3 , Krasen � 25.1 g/100 cm3 , Nika � 23.6 g/100 cm3 ), as well as high synthesis of phenolic compounds compared to the Southern coastal zone: Krasen variety accumulates an average of 310.3 m/100 g against 278.2 mg/100 g (Southern coastal zone), Nika � 368.85 mg/100 g against 339.7 mg/100g (Southern coastal zone), slightly superior to the control variety. Red dessert and liqueur wines were prepared from the yield of the studied varieties in 2020-2021. The tasting score of the liqueur wine material from Krasen (western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea) was 7.78 and 7.88 points, and the wine material from this variety (southern coastal zone) received 7.83 and 7.88 points. Dessert wine material from the Nika variety (western foothill-coastal zone of the Crimea) scored 7.74 and 7.79, and wine material from the southern coastal zone scored 7.76 and 7.79. Samples of wine materials from the yield of the presented varieties by the totality of characteristics are promising, being at the level of the control variety Pamyati Golodrigi. The higher quality of wine materials prepared from the yield of the studied varieties, collected in the southern coastal zone of Crimea, which is probably due to the component composition of the phenolic complex

Annotation

The article presents agrobiological and uvological indicators of seedlings in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. In terms of shoot productivity (SP) and average bunch weight, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (SP = 217-234 g/shoot, 143.4 g) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (SP = 178-190 g/shoot, 123.3 g) are distinguished. The resistance disjoining of hybrid seedling leaf apparatus to powdery mildew on a natural infectious background in the growing season of 2021-2022 was assessed. The largest proportion of resistant plants was identified in the population of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� � 54.5 %. The average resistance score for the population was 5.9. A significant number of seedlings susceptible to powdery mildew (1-3 points) were obtained in cross combinations with paternal varieties �Megrabuyr� (50 %) and �Nerkarat� (42.9 %). Seedlings with a very high degree of resistance (9 points) were not found in the studied populations. Populations characterized by a high breeding value were identified: �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� (54.5 %), �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (28.6 %). According to the true heterosis indicator, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (33.3 %) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� were distinguished, providing the effect of true heterosis of 56.7 %. Agrobiological study and analysis of the material obtained in comparison with parental forms in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� variety made it possible to identify a promising form of wine direction �Magarach No. 32-96-28-10� (�Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�).