Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Holod Nadezhda
Articles in journal: (total 10)
Ditylenchus, caused by a stem nematode of Ditylenchusdipsaci, after thirty years absence in an area of activity of NCRRIH&V, again in the region is a particularly dangerous disease of strawberry. The results of determination of the thresholds of harmfulness of rot nematode and resistance of yield losses of annual plants, contrast on of strawberry garden's, cultivars from density of populations. Threshold of harmfulness of stem nematode for annual plants of strawberry varies depending on the degree of resistance of varieties to harmful type. For hardy variety of Senga Sengana the threshold of harmfulness in 8-16 times higher than one of susceptible Mice Schindler variety: 4 specimens of D. dipsaci for Mice Schindler and 64 - for of Senga Sengana strawberry. For perennial plants of strawberry (aged 2 years and over) the determination of threshold harmfulness will require of mathematical modeling of the dynamics of populations of strawberry ditylenchus in the space (within plantations) and in time (at least in 3 years contrast on weather conditions). Taking into account the difficulty of protecting of industrial plants from stem nematodes at the present time we should talk about zero threshold of harmfulness of D. dipsaci for strawberrrry's perennial crops and uterine plantings. To determine the hardiness of strawberry varieties to D. dipsacis it is necessary to compare their productivity on smooth of invasive by infection and healthy background due to the lack of clear relation between harvest of berries and the degree of destruction of vegetative organs and numbers in them of D. dipsacis in the process of berry's harvesting.
The data of research that reveal the mechanisms of phytosanitary control of fruit agrocenosis are presented. Research are directed on the decision of problems of biosystem ecologization connected with revealing of stability degree of myco- pato- entomocenosis of fruit orchard and strawberry on exogenous fluctuation reaction (weather factors, entering of pesticides, degree of intensity of gardening technology etc.).
The widespread and high harmfulness of mycoses of strawberry roots are established in the conditions of Krasnodar region. The tolerant varieties to complex of root pathogens are allocated. The effective ways of plants treating before planting are given for control of pathogens of strawberry root rot. The imbalance of ratio of nutrient elements in the leaves is established, that indicates about need of correction of fertilizer system of strawberry plantings, cultivated according to intensive technologies
The specific structure and harmfulness of fungal diseases of wild strawberry are defined. Comprehensive perspective of use the of hemical and microbiological fungicides immunomodulating factors and them admixtures against fungal diseases of wild strawberry is established.
The type varieties of strawberry with complex resistance to dominant mycosis, that are qualitatively new source material perspective for use in breeding are selected