Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The observed increase in environmental pollution and more frequent climate stresses stimulate the introduction of nature-like technologies in all areas of agriculture. Preparations based on microorganisms are taken from natural communities and significantly increase the protective functions of plants against both biotic and abiotic environmental factors without causing damage to nature. One of the main advantages of preparations of biological origin is the preservation of natural soil fertility and an increase in the activity of soil microorganisms. There are a number of reasons hindering the growth of their use. These factors are related to the nature of their origin. There is a significant dependence of the effectiveness of the relationships of living organisms on biocenoses and biogeocenoses in specific environmental conditions. The development of technologies for the use of preparations based on microorganisms and their activity under certain conditions will make it possible to use natural resources wisely. As a result of studies of the effect biological preparations Gamair, Sporex Flavobacterin, Extrasol, Rizomax, FitActive Extra, Ribav Extra, combinations have been identified that positively affect the rooting of lignified cuttings of rootstocks BS-2, Evrika 99, Kuban� 86 (AP-1), Krasnaya lenta (KEBS VIR breeding), PKG-13/1, 534 d-16, 918/13, 921-2, 934, 935-13, PK SK-1, PK SK-2 (NCFSCHVW breeding) in the first field of the nursery. The combinations �rootstock � fungicidal preparation � growth-correcting preparation� were found, which give the highest yield of plants per linear meter. Their effect on the growth of rootstocks (diameter and height) has been proven. A three-factor variance analysis, where a combination of all these factors (genotype, biofungicide, growth stimulant) was used as a factor, established a significant effect of the latter on the height (27.4%) and diameter (24.6%) of rooted cuttings. Upon receipt of high-quality rootstock material, combinations of preparations based on fungi and bacteria were isolated, which were not inferior in their effectiveness to the options where IMC was used � these are Ribav-Rizomax, Ribav-Extrasol, Gamair-FitActive Extra, Extrasol-FitActive Extra.

Annotation

To increase the productivity and stability of fruiting of plants, the horticulture industry needs the adaptive varieties and rootstocks in the specific growing zones. Based on global and local changes in weather and climate conditions, the selection of genotypes resistant to the most often occurring stresses of various types is a permanent process. The paper shows that in recent years, the directions in breeding to create the rootstocks forms that can reproduce under the conditions of elevated temperatures in the spring-summer period and a significant lack of moisture are especially relevant. The most of interest are rootstocks, which easily rooted by hardwood cuttings in the first field of the nursery, because this is the least costly method does not required large capital investments. Such rootstocks had already identified in the nursery as heat-resistant and drought-resistant, significantly increase in the adaptive potential of scion-rootstock combinations with their participation. An equally important characteristics in the South of Russia is the resistance of rootstocks to the bacterial cancer (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). The pathogen of root cancer is positively affected by a neutral or slightly alkaline soil environment, therefore this disease is often observed in the North Caucasus and its harmfulness is significant, the control disease measures are costly and difficult. As a result of research, we carried out the rootstocks of PK SK 1, PK SK 2 with high rooting of hardwood cuttings in the first field of the nursery and resistance to root cancer were selected. They were allocated to the elite and patented and introduced in the State Register of Selection Achievements. The use of these rootstocks in horticulture and nursery farming will allow us to use the resource-saving technologies and to obtain the high-quality planting material for stone fruit crops and to increase in the yield of fruit orchards.

Annotation

Planting stock of fruit sapling requires the improvement of the fruit assortment, taking into account the changes in climatic factors of cultivate area. The rootstocks resistant to abiotic and biotic stressors adapted the most to local soil and climatic conditions are necessary. Therefore, this work dedicated to the selection of rootstock adaptive forms for plum-tree relevant to modern gardening. The change in the weather conditions in the Krasnodar Territory over the past 68 years is analyzed in this paper. A trend towards an increase in average daily air temperature was found. Two periods of warming over a long-term period are shown, one �in the spring, and other � in the summer months. The research carried out in the Ust-Labinsk area with frequent adverse manifestations of weather stressors, promote the forestall breeding on a number of stability indicators. The proposed materials of the article contributes to the development of resource-saving technologies involving the use of adaptive plants and environmental methods for their cultivation and reproduction. As a result of study, the adaptive plum rootstocks have been identified, which have a high percentage of rooting when growing without irrigation on a bogar, with the selection of domestic preparations that give the greatest effect of increasing in rooting rate and yield of high-quality planting stock. It was found that the most suitable for rooting under the conditions of lack of moisture and high summer temperatures are the rootstocks: BS 2, PK SK-1 and the rootstock forms of PKSK-2, 921, PKG18 / 13, PKSK-2, 921 (2), 934, 918 �13, 6p34. The significant influence of the rootstock genotypes the ability to rooting by lignified cuttings under the influence of various preparations was noted. Under these conditions the greatest effect was observed when the rootstocks forms of 934 and SC SC-2 were reproducted with using of Fitactiv Extra Kornevin B and Fitactiv Extra Kornevin A preparations.