Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of assessment of embryonic fruitfulness at new table grape varieties of domestic breeding are presented. The level of embryonic fruitfulness of different varieties considerably differs, despite of identical conditions of growth environment. Considering the significant influence of biological features and also environment conditions on laying of embryonic inflorescences and yielding of plantings, the task is to establish the regularities of embryonic inflorescences formations and to optimize the cutting length of shoots for the table varieties of Akello, Hamlet, K.M. Dubovsky, Dubovsky Red. Studying of embryonic fruitfulness was carried out on the vineyards growing under agroecological conditions of continental climate of the Volgograd Region. Selection of shoots and the assessment of embryonic fruitfulness of the wintering buds were carried out in the period of deep physiological dormancy of plants by a microscope in NCFSCHVW laboratory. The regularity of making and differentiation of embryonic inflorescences of the studied grape varieties and also the differentiation indicators of coefficients of fructification and fruitfulness on length of shoots, as well as the adaptive potential of varieties under the stressful conditions of 2018 is determined. The highest rates of fructification and fruitfulness and also adaptive potential under the conditions of temperature and water stressor have had Akello and Hamlet grapes. Akello had the highest rates of fructification and fruitfulness, the highest embryonic productivity was observed in a zone of 6-7 wintering buds. For maintaining the maximum economic efficiency of grapes the optimum length of shoots pruning for Akello after stressful conditions of vegetation has to be 8 eyes. The Hamlet grapes had the highest rates of fructification and fruitfulness in a zone of 3 wintering buds. The pruning length of shoots has to be 4 buds. At variety K.M. Dubovsky and Dubovsky Red was observed a low adaptive potential under conditions of high-temperature and water stresses. To establish the optimum length of shoots pruning of these varieties the research will be continued.

Annotation

This paper presents the results of agrobiological evaluation of new table hybrid forms of grapes under the stressful agroecological conditions of the Volgograd Region. The research was carried out using the modern field research methods under atypical weather conditions in 2019. As the object of research, the hybrid forms of table grapes were used: Agat Dubovsky, Akello, Arabella, Artek, Valencia, Hamlet, Ispolin, Kishmish Dubovsky, Courage, Timothy. These hybrids have high taste characteristics and organoleptic properties. They give a good harvest even in adverse years, and have the signs of resistance to biotic and abiotic factors for the unstable and stressful climate of the South of Russia. Under unstable weather conditions of 2019 in the Volgograd Region, these hybrid forms were distinguished by the main indicators of productivity: Agat Dubovsky, Courage and Valencia. These hybrids were selected by increased indicators of fruiting coefficients and fruitfulness coefficients, productivity index and yield capacity. The manifestation of high agrobiological characteristics of these hybrids in stressful weather and climate conditions was primarily facilitated by their high adaptive potential. For the same conditions of Vogograd Region, the hybrids with low indicators of fruiting and fruitfulness coefficients, productivity index, and yield were identified, among which the Akello and Hamlet were noted. Positive and negative agrobiological characteristics, as well as adaptive potential of the grape hybrid forms under study, should be considered as preliminary in relation to atypical agroecological conditions in 2019. For more knowledges and in-depth conclusions, the research will continue.

Annotation

In the article the terms and duration of the phases of vegetation of new table grape varieties in the weather conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Krasnodar region were established. The objects of the study were Vitis L. grape varieties: Agat Dubovskiy, Akello, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Ispolin, Kishmish Dubovskiy, Pestryi, Timoti, Livia (control). Rootstock is SO4. According to the method of Lazarevsky M.A., the beginning of budbreak, flowering, veraison and technological maturity of grape berries were noted. The relationship of weather conditions with the duration of vegetation phases was determined by the correlation coefficient. According to the international classification, groups of varieties have been identified according to their maturation dates: very early � Livia, early � Akello, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi, medium-early � Gamlet, Timoti, medium � Kishmish Dubovskiy, medium-late � Ispolin and Agat Dubovskiy. The coefficients of paired correlation of weather conditions and the duration of vegetation periods, which are significant according to the Student's criterion, have been established. The most significant is the dependence of the duration of vegetation periods on the sum of air temperatures above + 10 ºC � the greater the sum of temperatures, the longer the phase, except for the duration of vegetation of very early and early varieties (r = -0.68 � the average inverse relationship). An increase in the amount of precipitation in the phase of the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and during the growing season also contributes to the lengthening of periods (r = 0.68 ... 0.99). In the budbreak - flowering phase, on the contrary, accelerates (r = -0.82 ... -0.84). The maximum air temperature has a different effect depending on the phase: with an increase in temperature in the beginningof veraison-technological maturity phase, its duration increases (r = 0.43... 0.60), the length of the budbreak-flowering phase and, in general, the growing season decreases with an increase in maximum temperature (r = 0.83 ... 0.87). An increase in the average air temperature (r = 0.46... 0.91) and the minimum (r = 0.67... 0.95) reduces the duration of the budbreak-flowering phases, the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and the growing season.