Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Alehina Elena
Articles in journal: (total 23)
The results of research on main problems of study of sweet cherry varieties are presented in the article. A series of new varieties of sweet cherries according to a modern standard of intensive orchards and allowing to create conveyor of high-quality fruits of different periods of maturation is recommended.
The first principles and approaches to evaluation of generative sweet cherry potential are shown. The method of determination of potential productivity of sweet cherry varieties is offered.
The purpose of the carried out research is development of a way of a formation of sweet cherry trees on a high growing rootstock at high density of plants landing (5,0 x 2,0m). Research are carried out under the soil climatic conditions of LLC "Interinvest", of Stavropol Region. Objects of research are the sweet cherry varieties of various ecological-geographical origin: Zemfira, General-skaya, Donetskiy Ugolyok. The results of research allowing to recommend the new system of pruning of sweet cherry trees on strongly growing rootstock are presented in this article. At this system the low-trunk skeleton of crown with vertically growing the same branches is formed. Periodic rejuvenation of these branches will promote the formation in a crown of young flexible branches (5-6 years). It allows you to carry out the harvesting of sweet cherry fruits without garden ladders and it increases in labor productivity. Use of a strongly growing rootstock stimulates the rapid growth of vertically focused branches in a crown of trees, increases in intensity of process of generative buds formation and accelerates the plants introduction in fructification that gives the chance of getting of industrial harvest of sweet cherry fruits for 2-3 year after laying of branches. It is noted that when increase in stressful influences during cultivation (a heat, a drought, hot dry winds, the frosts) the new system of formation of sweet cherry trees on a strongly growing rootstock in the gardens of intensive type increases in resistance of plants to influence of stressful factors of the environment. When forming a harvest of sweet cherry fruits on the vertical highly growing branches during the early-spring periods of vegetation the decrease in harvest loss from frosts, and also from a hail that more damages the horizontal branches of trees is reached.
Basic parameters defining biological productivity of new sweet cherry varieties are studied. The comparative estimation of degree of its realization depending from climatic factors is given. The donors combining high biological productivity with high degree of its realization, expressed in yield of variety are allocated
The resistance of sweet cherry varieties to damaging climatic factors of winter-spring period is established by the results of long-term research. The perspective sweet cherry varieties for industrial production in the conditions of south of Russia are selected