Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Analysis of the mechanical stability of grape berries is important for understanding the consumer value of fresh grapes, their resistance to diseases, vermins, and meteorological factors. The aim of the work is to analyze the detaching and crushing force for grape berries in contrast groups of varieties and to study their relationship with other agrobiological features and weather conditions. 41 grape varieties from the Ya. I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection were studied: 32 table, 4 seedless and 5 universal varieties. The sample includes 12 varieties of Vitis vinifera L., 6 varieties of interspecific origin V. vinifera L. × V. amurensis Rupr., 1 variety V. vinifera L. × V. labrusca L., 21 hybrids with several American species, 1 complex interspecific hybrid of European-Amuro-American origin. The difference in indicators of mechanical stability of berries in groups of different direction of use, taxonomic origin, maturation period, color of berries was studied. The correlation of indicators of mechanical stability of berries with each other, with other characteristics of varieties, with weather conditions is studied. The positive relationship between the size of the berry and its mechanical stability noted in the literature is confirmed. Table varieties have a larger berry size and have greater mechanical stability of berries than universal and seedless ones. The group of complex hybrids with American grape species was characterized by a large berry size and greater mechanical stability of the berries compared to varieties and intraspecific hybrids of V. vinifera L., and interspecific hybrids of V. vinifera L. × V. amurensis Rupr. There was a large mechanical stability of varieties with black berries. There were no differences in the mechanical stability of the berry in varieties of different maturation periods. The formation of a large number of elements of productivity, a large amount of precipitation during the ripening period of berries lead to reducing the mechanical stability of berries.

Annotation

Stability of development of national economy demands the implementation of state regulation measures for overcoming of reduction of national genetic resources of animals and plants. In a national strategy of preservation of Russia biodiversity the important part is assigned to creation of information system on genetic resources. The Vitis collections are in the world on the 23rd place. The largest holders of grapes collections are the institutes of France and Germany. In the world a lot of work on creation of national and global information banks of plants genetic resources is carried out. Since 2008 the Genesys project - the world information center of genetic resources of agricultural plants is carried out. It unites the following information resources: SINGER, EURISCO and GRIN. The international organizations and the government organizations of the USA develop the international databank of plants genetic resources of GRIN-Global. The international bibliographic database of VITIS-VEA grapes is created. On the basis of Federal scientific center of cultural plants of JKI (Germany) in 2007 the European database of grapes (The European Vitis Database) is created. At the N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of genetic resources of plants for management of a collection from 1970th the database of genetic resources of plants is developed, replenished and modified. This base contains the information on 202725 samples of the main catalog. The priority in creation of a databank on grapes in the CIS countries belongs to Institute of grapes and wine "Magarach". The database of a gene pool of the Russian ampelographic collection (Anapa) contains the information on 50 indicators. In the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vine growing and Winemaking (Novocherkassk) the work on creation of database of an ampelographic collection of Institute is carried out. The methodology of creation of the electronic database of grapes genetic resources is developed.

Annotation

The tendency to the revival of indigenous varieties is observed, last time. The article presents the results of the study of 8 native Daghestan grapes varieties. The following features were studied: agrobiological characteristics, yield and productivity, condition of crop and tasting evaluation. The research was carried out in 2010-2014 at the ampelographic collection of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Russia). The object of study is the grapes varieties: Agadai, Ag Isum, Gulyabi Daghestanskiy, Gok Ala, Gok Isum, Makhborcibil, Mola Husseincibil, Yay Isum Beliy. The aim of the research was to select the valuable genotypes of Daghestan autochthonous varieties with improved adaptive and economic properties in the Lower Don Area. The study was carried out using the modern and classical techniques. The research alow you to select the following high yield varieties: Mall Husseincibil, Gulabi Daghestanskiy, Makhborcibil, Asil Kara. The mass concentration of sugars and organic acids in the juice of berries are the main indicators of the grapes berry quality during period of their ripening. Makhbarcivil and Asyl Kara varieties had the highest sugar content. The highest tasting scores were given to the varieties of Agaday and Mola Husseincibil. Analysis of carried out research has shown that the varieties of Molla Husseincibil, Asil Kara, Gulabi Daghestan and Makhborcibil have the complex of highest economically valuable traits. We continue the study of the indigenous Daghestan grapes varieties in the collection of the Lower Pre Don area.

Annotation

The purpose of the research is to study the introduced technical grapevine varieties of various ecological and geographical origin; to identify the adaptive, economic and technological potential of the samples in order to select genotypes with improved economically significant properties under the condition of the Lower Don Region. The study of the varieties was carried out in 2017-2019 at the Ya.I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk), according to generally accepted methods and State Standards in viticulture. Based on the results of research and observations, the data of phenological phases, economic and valuable indicators of varieties (yield, average mass of the bunch, crop conditions, etc.) are obtained, as well as wine tasting evaluations. According to the number of days (from budding to full maturity of berries), the varieties were ripening by maturation period: from early-middle to late period. Very high yield was in 7 varieties: Adreuli Shavi, Norok, Megrabuir, Nakutvneuli, Merlot, Tashkentskiy, Goruli Mtsvane. The average bunch weight of the studied varieties varied from 69 g (Mudjuretuli) to 502 g (Adreuli Shavi). It is noted a very high sugar content of berry juice (more than 23 g/100 cm3) in 8 varieties � Barhatniy, Merlot, Vlesh, Amlahu, Riesling Muscatniy, Mudjuretuli, Rubinoviy Magaracha, Dimatskun. Dry table wines from the following varieties received the high tasting ratings (a passing score of 8.2): Riesling Rhenskiy (8.8 points), Rubinoviy Magaracha, Grubela, Cabernet Sauvignon (8.7 points). Eleven samples were rated at 8.6 points. Wines from the Mudjuretuli, Amlahu, Megrabuir, VIR-1 received 8.5 points. A liqueur wine made from the Barhatniy grape variety received 8.7 points. The complex agrobiological and economically valuable characteristics under the conditions of the Lower Don Region we pointed out the varieties: Rubinoviy Magaracha, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dimackun, Goruli Mtsvane, Nakutvneuli, Norok, Riesling Muscatniy, Merlot, Grdzelmtebana, Megrabuir, Grubella and Tashkenskiy.

Annotation

Ampelographic collection perform major fundamental and priority applied functions in the accumulation and preservation of the gene pool of grapes. Lately there is a tendency to the revival of indigenous varieties. Aboriginal, ancient grape varieties in the different regions of cultivation, and the wild forms are the most valuable part of the world gene pool of culture. The aim of our work was to identify the valuable genotypes of native varieties with improved adaptive, business and wine properties for winemaking of high quality. This article presents the results of agrobiological and technological study of six white aboriginal Don grapes varieties. The research was carried out in 2008-2014 at the ampelographic collection of ARRIV&W (Novocherkassk, Russia). The quality of the white table wines are especially influenced by such factors as environmental conditions, the varietal characteristics of a grapes, the technology of cultivation and processing of grapes. An important result of our research is the qualitative estimation of wine materials made from studied varieties. The varieties Mahrovatchik and Kumshatskiy Beliy had the high yield. Very high sugar content was observed in the variety Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy, high in the varieties - Shampanchic-2, Durman, Kumshatskiy Beliy. The highest tasting score got the wine from the variety Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy - 8.9 points. Varieties Mahrovatchik and Kumshatskiy Beliy stand out for complex of agronomic traits. They are recommended for industrial grapes under the nature plantations in conditions the Lower Don area. In breeding as sources of valuable technological and economical-biological features, it is recommended to use - Mahrovatchik, Kumshatskiy Beliy and Shampanchic Cimlyanskiy grapes varieties.