Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The research was carried out in 2015-2020 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). The object of the research was a native Don grape variety Kosorotovskiy. The Pukhlyakovskiy variety was the control. According to morphological characteristics and biological properties, Kosorotovskiy belongs to the varieties of the Black Sea basin. The study of grape varieties was carried out using methods generally accepted in viticulture and National Standards. The varieties were studied in a covered and grafted culture on the Kober 5BB rootstock. The planting scheme of bushes was 3.0 x 1.5 m. According to the average data of agrobiological records and observations, the Kosorotovskiy variety had 59.6 % of blossoming buds, 48.5 % of fruiting shoots, the fruitfullness coefficient was 0.7, the average mass of a bunch was 297 g, yield capacity � 5.2 kg/bush. According to the mechanical analysis of the bunch, the percentage content to the bunch weight was following: juice � 77.7 %; stems � 3.3 %; pomace � 15.0 %; seeds � 4.0 %. According to the results of uvological assessment: the size of a bunch is 16.8 cm long, 9.7 cm wide, the size of the berry is18.4 mm long, 16.3 mm wide, the average weight of a berry � 3.3 g, the sugar content of the berry juice � 20.2 g/100 cm3 with a titratable acidity of 7.5 g/dm3 . The Kosorotovskiy variety is technologically advanced, quickly clarified, does not require additional processing techniques. The wine is transparent, shiny, straw-colored with a greenish tint. The aroma is clean, well-formed, with light floral and fruity tones. The taste is full and harmonious. The average wine tasting score was 8.6 points (at the level of the control variety Pukhlyakovskiy). According to the results of the study of agrobiological, technological, ecological and economically valuable properties, the Kosorotovskiy variety is not inferior to the control variety Pukhlyakovskiy and can be recommended for inclusion in the assortment of grape plantations of the Lower Don region. It is also recommended to use this variety in breeding for the genetic improvement of white technical grape varieties as a source of valuable economic, biological and technological properties for high-quality winemaking.

Annotation

The grapevine for thousands years have been growing on the vast territory of the earth under different environmental conditions. The favorable climatic condition is the main factor for the successful cultivation of grapes. The native cultivars from different regions of cultivation is the most valuable part of world gene pool of the crop. The purpose of our work is to select the valuable genotypes of the autochthonous varieties with improved adaptive, economic and technological properties for high-quality wine-making (including not enough spreading and rare native varieties). The object of the research is indigenous Don variety of Makhrovatchik and control variety of Rkatsiteli. The research were conducted in 2008-2015 in an ampelographic collection of the All-Russian Research Ya.I. Potapenko Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk). The study was carried out using the modern and classic techniques. Having compared the agrobiological indicators, we note that the Makhrovatchik grapes by most indexes surpass the control variety of Rkatsiteli. Variety of Makhrovatchic has the higher percentages of buds break, coefficient of fruiting, average weight of bunches, productivity and yield capacity. Under the conditions of the micro winemaking the yield of the wort amounted to more than 65%. The wine has a pale straw color, the bright aroma with notes of wild herbs and flowers, the light honey tone, the taste substantial, rounded with long aftertaste. Wine tasting score is 8,6 points, that is the same level that control Rkatsiteli. Analysis of the results of long-term research has shown that Makhrovatchik grapes stands out by complex of agronomic characteristics with improved adaptive and technological properties for high-quality wine-making. Taking into account the facts above, we recommend the variety of Makhrovatchik for assortmen's expansion of production plantations under the conditions of the Lower Don Region.

Annotation

For the characteristic of thermal requirements of viticulture and some grapes varieties the numerous of indexes are used: sum of average day temperatures and effective temperatures, minimal temperature of inter phase periods, temperatures of beginning of phenophase, average temperatures of inter phase periods. The purpose of this research is the characteristic of temperature requirements of varieties cultivated under the conditions of Nizhny Don Region on the basis of analysis of 71 grapes varieties from Ya.I. Potapenko Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking collection, that presents the varieties differ in term of maturing and a way of maintaining culture and direction of use. Research showed that under the conditions of Nizhny Don Region the period from bud break to flowering is characterized by sum of temperatures of 655 �C for all varieties. The period from the beginning of flowering to beginning of ripening has duration of 39-68 days and 885-1596�C. The average duration period from the beginning of ripening to full maturity of berries varies from 19 up to 51 days, the sum of temperatures - from 457 up to 1129�C. The studied varieties considerably differ on the sum of temperatures for vegetation: from 2068 up to 3205�C. Different degree of dependence of inter phase duration from temperatures is confirmed by the correlation analysis: strong correlation during the period from the bud break to flowering (average coefficient of correlation is r =-0,91), the duration of the production period depends lesser from average temperature (r =-0,74). Duration of period from the beginning of flowering to the beginning of ripening doesn't depend on the average temperature (r =-0,30), period from the beginning before full maturing depends not strongly (r =-0,45). The model of constancy of the sums of effective temperatures above a temperature minimum works well for the period from bud break to flowering (the sum of temperatures above 10-11�C is equal 270�C) and for production period in whole (the sum of temperatures above 11 �C varied from 814 to 2029�C for grapes varieties).

Annotation

The research was carried out in 2016-2019 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region). The subject of the study is eight native Georgian grapevine varieties: Adreuli shavi, Amlakhu, Vernakhi, Goruli mtsvane, Grdzelmtevana, Grubela, Mujuretuli, Nakutvneuli. Control varieties were Sibirkovyi and Krasnostop Zolotovskiy � the Don native varieties. It was found that the studied varieties had high rates of bud break (70-80.3 %). The average cluster weight varied from 74 g (Mujuretuli) to 459 g (Adreuli shavi). Most of the studied varieties had a high average cluster weight (Adreuli shavi � 459 g, Grubela � 428 g). The estimated yield capacity was shown: more than 17 t/ha had Adreuli shavi and Nakutvneuli varieties, high yield capacity (12�17 t/ha) � Goruli mtsvane, average yield capacity (from 9 to 12 t/ha) � Grubela, Grdzelmtevana, Amlakhu, Vernakhi and two control varieties. Mujuretuli variety had low yield capacity � (3.6 t/ha). Characteristics of grape yield were following: very high sugar content of berry juice (over 23 g/100 cm3 ) in Krasnostop Zolotovskiy and Grdzelmtevana varieties; high sugar content (21�23 g/100 cm3 ) � in Amlakhu, Mujuretuli, Goruli mtsvane, Sibirkovyi varieties. All studied varieties have passed the technological assessment, dry table wines (white or red) were prepared. Wines from the control varieties received high tasting marks of 8.8�8.9 points (on a 10-point scale). At the level or slightly lower were the grades for the wines from the Grubela (8.8) and Goruli mtsvane (8.7 points) varieties. According to the results of the research, white technical grapevine varieties Grubela, Goruli mtsvane, Grdzelmtevana, and red technical variety Nakutvneuli were identified as promising in terms of a set of economically valuable features and high quality of wine products. These varieties are also recommended to be used in breeding for creating varieties with high technological properties for high-quality winemaking.

Annotation

Powdery mildew � a disease of the vine, the causative agent of which is the ascomycete Erysiphe necator. The pathogen causes the significant damage to industrial viticulture throughout the world. Growing of resistant grape varieties is the best way to reduce pesticide control of the disease and produce an environmentally friendly crop. Genotypes that are resistant to powdery mildew mainly belong to the North American and Asian grape species. Currently, the urgent task of the breeding and genetics of grapes is to search for donors of resistance and their involvement in the process of creating the new, highly resistant and high-quality varieties. To date, more than 10 major and minor loci of resistance to powdery mildew in the genome of grapes have been identified. Locus Ren3 was identified on chromosome 15 in the genotypes of the Regent and Villard Blanc grape varieties. DNA-markers suitable for gene detection were also found. We have tested two closely linked DNA markers (UDV116, GF15-28) on 11 genotypes of grapes of different origin. The DNA of Regent and Villard Blanc, in which the Ren3 gene was identified (positive controls), Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay varieties (negative controls), as well as 7 genotypes of grapes � potential gene carriers, were included in the work. The work was carried out by PCR with the separation of reaction products by capillary electrophoresis using an automatic ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer. Target PCR products corresponding to the literature data are defined in the Regent and Villard Blanc grape genotypes, as well as in the genotypes of Donus, Dunavski Gymza and Storgosia genotypes.