Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Petrov Valeri
Articles in journal: (total 85)
The results of physiological and biochemical studies frost-resistant of grape varieties are presented in the article in natu-ral and simulated environments. Ranges of variation of the Optima biochemical parameter of frost resistance (in the state of deep and compelled rest), allowed grape varieties such as Crystal, Krasnostop, AZOS, Dostoyniy to survive in extreme winter conditions of Anapa-Taman region, are established in result of study of stress factors influence of winter period on bio-chemical composition of plant organs of highly resistant to low temperatures grape varieties.
The most accurate criterion for determining the length of pruning of grapes shoots is the productive zone of embryonic inflorescences. To more fully realization of potential of the economic grapes productivity, the pruning is carried out with the left of maximum number of embryonic inflorescences and the unproductive part of the shoots removed. In different grape varieties the productive zone is not the same and it varies along the length of the shoot. In addition to the biological dependence of the productive zone of plants shoots, the anthropogenic factors have a significant effect on the formation of embryonic inflorescences. Pruning while preserving the productive zone of grapes shoots contributes to the sustainable development of the viticulture industry. The purpose of the work is to establish the regularity of embryonic inflorescence formation and to optimize the length of pruning of Levokumskiy grapes shoots. Embryonic fruitage was determined during the period of deep (physiological) dormancy of plants by microscopic examination of the central wintering buds on typical grapes shoots. In the process of research it is found that the dependence between the fruitage and fertility rates of embryonic shoots in the central wintering buds of the Levokumskiy grapes varies on the average daily air temperature in September and November. The correlation coefficients range is from 0.36 to 0.77. You have shown the regularity of a differentiated inflorescence formation along the length of embryonic shoots. The coefficients of fruitage (K1) and the fertility (K2) of embryonic shoots of Levokumskiy grapes grow as the buds are removed from the beginning of the shoots. The maximum values of the coefficients are fixed in the zone of 5-6 buds. In this regard, to obtain the greatest harvest of the Levokumskiy grapes, it is recommended to prune the fruit shoots into 6 eyes.
The purpose of this work is to study the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors the growth, development and formation of the photosynthetically active surface of grapes plants. The research was carried out in 2015 in a stationary field experiment in the EPF of the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Wine-Making, in the Riesling Rheinsky vineyard under the conditions of an abnormal man-ifestation of weather factors with an acute deficit of atmospheric precipitation. A differentiated effect of the planting scheme of bushes on the growth of grapes shoots and leaves was established in the process of research. The rate of vine development is closely depended on the genetically de-termined reaction of the variety to the anthropogenic and natural factors of cultivation. It is shown that the most influenced slowing down of the growth processes of the grapes plants are the densified ways for bushes placing with a row spacing of 2.5 m. The most active growth processes are observed in the orchards with a row spacing of 3.0 m. Under stressed plant growth conditions, the most active growth of shoots is noted at an average density of planting bushes of grapes 3.0 × 1.5 m. With compacted arrangement of bushes, 4000 pcs / ha according to the scheme 2.5 × 1.0 m, the growth activity of shoots is much lower. Crown of grapes bushes in such orchards are poorly lit, leaves receive less solar energy. It is noted that the growth rate of the leaf blade is similar to that of shoot growth. The largest leaves were at a density of bushes of 3.0 × 1.5 m. We made a conclusion that a differentiated approach when using different schemes of planting bushes in the grapes plantations allows to controll the growth processes of grapes plants.
The information about adaptive potential of different grapes varieties in the conditions of critical negative air temperatures in winter period and influence of anthropogenic factors on grapes resistance to stresses is presented. Agricultural and technical methods purposeful of resistance increasing and recovery of grapes plants injured from frosts are given
In the agric and ecological conditions of Russia South the most adaptive roto clones of Aligote grapes are allocated. The difference between proto clones resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of planting environmental are established.