Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of studying the effect of gibberellin on the formation of grape berries of seedless varieties of AZESV&W breeding in order to develop technological parameters of its application. The research was carried out on kishmish grape varieties � Lotos, Zhemchug Anapa, Kishmish Rozovyi AZOS in agroecological conditions of the Black Sea zone of Southern Russia. The scheme of the experiment included options for using gibberellin twice and three times in the phases of grape vegetation: budding (5-7 days before flowering), pollination and fertilization (mass flowering), post-fertilization (10 days after flowering). The treatment was carried out manually with full immersion of inflorescences in a container with a solution of gibberellin 0.5-1 liter per bush, depending on the strength of the bush and the growth phase, dosages: 0.25 ml., 0.5 ml., 0.75 ml., 1 ml per liter of water. It was found that the double use of gibberellin leads to the desired quality of grapes, both according to consumer preferences � an increase in the size of berries, a decrease in the average weight of rudiments of seeds in the berry, and according to technological requirements � an increase in the average weight of the pulp and skin. The repeated use of GA, starting from the budding phase, increases the likelihood of undesirable effects, leads to shedding and different quality of the ovaries, pea berries up to 37 % in the Lotos variety, up to 25 % in the Kishmish Rozovyi AZOS variety, Zhemchug Anapa variety � up to 12 %. It has been established that the optimal use of gibberellin on seedless grape varieties of the AZES breeding is a double treatment with a GA solution with a concentration of 0.75 ml per liter of water during the mass flowering phase with an interval of 10 days.

Annotation

The article presents the results of the influence of gibberellin seedless varieties of table grapes of AZOS breeding � Lotus (early ripening); Zhemchug Anapa and Kishmish Rozovy AZOS (medium ripeining). Brief information is given how gibberellins are intensively used in viticulture, which affect the growth, development and productivity of plants, as well as the quality of seedless grape varieties. Data of phenological observations, the dynamics of generative organs growth on the phases of growth and development, the daily growth of a grape plant at different periods of development, taking into account the dose of gibberellin and the multiplicity of treatments. The effect of gibberellin on the appearance of bunches was established, the pattern according to the experimental variants was noted to increase in the color intensity with increasing the dose of gibberellin for the varieties of Lotus and Kishmish Rozovy AZOS. The same can be said about the berries shape of these varieties, with an increase in the dose of the drug, the berries were oblong. A direct effect of treatments on the sparseness of future bunches was revealed, this was especially manifested in the Lotus variety. The study tested 8 options of gibberellin using and 3 multiplicity treatments. The optimal concentration of the preparation and the multiplicity of treatments, using the method of dipping, for seedless table grape varieties breeding of AZOS are: for Lotus GK 1 ml / l of water three times (first treatment with GK 0.25 ml), Kishmish Rozovy AZOS � GK 1 ml per liter of water twice, Zhemchug Anapa � GK 0.25 ml / l of water three times, which increases in the potential yield of bushes to 16.2-46 %.

Annotation

The article shows the results of the influence of gibberellin on the productivity of seedless grape varieties of the AZES breeding. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of leaves are considered: the content of pigments (chlorophyll a + b and carotene), the size of the leaf surface area and the accumulation of sugars in grape berries. Analysis of these studies showed an increase in the amount of chlorophylls during treatments with gibberellin of a grape plant, as well as an individual reaction depending on the dosage of the preparation and the grape variety. The obtained data indicate that the application of exogenous gibberellin leads to changes in the morphogenesis of grape plants. During the entire growing season, the plants treated with gibberellin showed more intensive growth than the plants of the control variant. An increase in the length of shoots due to the lengthening of internodes at increased doses of GA was revealed. At the same time, no effect on the number of stem nodes was noted; therefore, shoot elongation is associated with stretching of the stem cells. It was proved that under the action of the preparation the total area of grape leaves increased, leading to the formation of a more powerful leaf apparatus: at a dose of GA of 1 ml in the Lotos variety by 22.6 %; Zhemchug Anapy � by 28.8 %; Kishmish rozovyi AZOS � 16.9 % higher than the control indicator. It is known that the accumulation of sugars in grape berries is due to the photosynthetic activity of the leaf apparatus. As shown by laboratory and field analyzes, gibberellin affects the sugar content in grapes, accelerating the ripening and timing of the harvest. In the variety Lotos, Zhemchug Anapy with a dosage of 1 ml GA and Kishmish rozovyi AZOS with a GA 0.75 three times, the sugar content of berries exceeded the control variants.

Annotation

The use of gibberellin in the technology of table grape cultivation in the most countries of the world is a mandatory agrotechnical technique, which lead to significant changes in the morphological and mechanical properties of bunches, increases in the yield and change in the quality of berries. The article shows the results of the effect of the preparation containing gibberellic acid the economic and technological properties of table kishmish grapes of Anapa selection � Lotus, Zhemchug Anapa, Kishmish Rozovy �AZOS�. The �GIBRELIN� was used under study � a growth regulator based on gibberellic acid to stimulate and improve the ovary, thin the bunch, increase in the yield and quality of grapes.The liquid form allows you to quickly and accurately apply the preparation, even in separate dosages. The content of gibberellic acid in the pure form of the preparation is 1.8 g per 100 g of solvent. In the phase of grape berry maturation, it was determined yield per bush, the average mass of bunches, berries in bunch and ridges, the mass of 100 berries, and the bunch structure index was calculated. As a result of treatment with gibberellin, the mass of the ridges increased in all the studied varieties, and it led to decrease in the bunch`s structure index. The use of growth regulator have led to the formation of larger berries and, accordingly, to smaller their number per bunch weight, as a result, the berry index decreased also. The use of gibberellin (GA) in the pure form for the local kishmish grape plants positive affects their economic and technological properties, changing the bunch`s structure and thereby expanding the direction of grape use. A more optimal structure of bunches was revealed for two-time treatments: the Lotus variety � with a dosage of 1 ml of GA, Zhemchug Anapa � 0.25 ml of GA, and Kishmish Rozovy �AZOS� � 0.5 ml of GA.

Annotation

The share of raisin grapes in the total grape production in the country is very small. Of the 106 table grape varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are raisin (Kishmish Luchisty, Korinka Russkaya, Yuzhnobarazhny, Yaltinskiy Bessemianny). These varieties are very popular, because their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article describes the seedless grape varieties of early and middle ripening period studied in the Anapa ampelographic collection: Lotos, Zhemchug Anapy, Kishmish Rozovy AZOS, Kishmish Luchisty, Shayan, Kishmish Moldavsky and Mechta. The results of phenological, agrobiological and economic observations are presented. According to phenological observations, the Lotos variety belongs to the group of early ones, to the group of early-medium ones � Kishmish Luchisty and Shayan, the others � to the group of medium ones. According to the agrobiological data, it was shown that the productivity of all the studied grape varieties is rather high. The highest coefficient of fruiting is observed in the varieties of Lotos, Kishmish Luchisty, Zhemchug Anapy, Mechta. In terms of the average mass of the bunch, the Kishmish Moldavsky (530 g), Kishmish Rozovy AZOS (500 g), Zhemchug Anapy (465 g) and Shayan (435 g) are stood out. The high content of sugars distinguished the varieties of Lotos, Kishmish Moldavsky. The highest tasting marks were given to the varieties of Lotos, Kishmish Luchisty, Zhemchug Anapy. The results can be used to improve the assortment of grapes on the Black Sea coast, and for selection work on the development of new varieties. By their agrobiological indicators, these varieties are technological and meet modern requirements for industrial cultivation.