Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Gryaznov Artem
Articles in journal: (total 4)
Now in the international practice for research of internal structures of plant organisms the various methods of introscopic researches are used. The micro focal X-ray analysis is the most objective, exact and fast method of registration of the latent defects. During carrying out the researches the techniques of determination of quality of accretion of the grafted grapes seedling, damage rates of material by a vascular necrosis and the methods of evaluation of grapes seed quality were developed and approved. Experimental studies showed that receiving of sharp and contrast pictures is provided by the following operating modes of the equipment: voltage is 30 kV, current of a tube is 150 , an exposition is 0,3 sec. The specified parameters of shooting allowed to judge with the most accuracy the size, form and density of details of making object. The developed by us the radiographic method of an assessment of grapes buds safety allows, without destroying of research object, to visualize all its internal form-building structures, and, therefore, and their dense, volume and linear anomalies, and this method allows to diagnose the existence or lack of buds injury.
The features of method of the microfocus X-ray analysis to assess the quality of planting stock of grapes are studied.
The analytical overview of world experience of use of introscopic methods of research applied in the agricultural biology and the food industry are given in the materials of article. The aspects of application of introscopic testing in the various areas of science and the development history of the introscopic researches of agricultural plants in the our country and abroad are shortly described. The results of the most significant and interesting research with use of radiographic methods, and also results of modern research of the last decade of foreign research with use of methods of computer and magnetic-resonance tomography are given. The domestic experience and progress of use of methods and means of a nondestructive testing in our country are discussed. It is noted that the carried-out analysis shows the insufficient development of similar research in our country which, at the moment, are limited only to use of a microfocal X-ray analysis. Current situation is explained by the high cost of the research equipment, low qualification of employers, insufficient amount of information about the existing prospects of this research. The conclusion becomes that in domestic agricultural biology it is necessary to expand the range of research works with application of introscopic methods, but it is necessary to define accurately the purposes and the tasks for carrying out the scientific research not to discredit this important and perspective direction.
One of the main reasons for the decline of sowing qualities of seeds and planting material is the presence of various internal defects, such as a hidden injury or damage by pests. The seeds with hidden defects cant be sorted by the sorting machines, and so they are a constant component of all production of seeds batches. These seeds can be detected by X-ray analysis. Microfocus X-ray can be used to control the quality of seeds and to study their internal structure. The purpose of this work is the development of microfocus X-ray technique to determine the quality of fruits and seeds. Voltage, anode current and exposure time are included in the definition of the required zoom factor modes of X-ray apparatus. Mode of microfocus X-ray for control of fruits and seeds different on structure and size was selected. It was confirmed that this technique can be used to inspect the fruit and seeds of various sizes and structure. The method approbation was carried out on a large number of fruits and seeds from the collection of the Botanic Garden of Great Peter (Saint-Petersburg). It has been confirmed that the use of microfocus X-ray technique allows you to quickly select the executed seeds, not affected by pests, and use them for future planting and getting of a greater number of shoots. It was confirmed, that method can be used for analysis of seeds inside of fruits. The prospects for this technique to identify the problems with the collected seeds had been shown.