Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The features of the application of microfocus X-ray in viticulture to determine the degree of defeat of grapes seedlings wood of vascular necrosis.

Annotation

The main way of grapes plants reproduction is vegetative reproduction which is based on regeneration of plant tissues and organs. The wood's shanks of grapes used for vegetative reproduction have to be physiologically mature, and all changes of shoot connected with its ripening correlate with its anatomical structure. In this regard the study of anatomical structures of grapes shanks is the actual direction of research in wine growing. In this article it is shown that anatomical structure of the one-year ripened grapes shoots is one of the main criterion of an assessment of extent of vine ripening. It is noted that kind and specific features of plants, soil and climatic conditions of cultivation, the nutritious mode, agric-technology and way of plants cultivation impact on structure and ripening process of grapes shoots. The short literary review of data on value of grapes shanks ripening for vegetative reproduction of grapes is presented in the materials of article. The connection between extent of ripening, physiological and biochemical characteristics and an anatomic structure of one-year wood's shoot is shown. It is specified that the offered way of determination of percentage of tissues of floema, xylem and core to the general diameter of a shank as well as the calculation of quantity of sieve tubes is quite easy to learn, much more precisely and more operative than manual calculation. However it is noted that the quality of the processed photos which depends from skills of the researcher can strongly affect the end result. It is specified in the conclusion that method offered by us could add the existing techniques of histological and chemical research.

Annotation

Now in the international practice for research of internal structures of plant organisms the various methods of introscopic researches are used. The micro focal X-ray analysis is the most objective, exact and fast method of registration of the latent defects. During carrying out the researches the techniques of determination of quality of accretion of the grafted grapes seedling, damage rates of material by a vascular necrosis and the methods of evaluation of grapes seed quality were developed and approved. Experimental studies showed that receiving of sharp and contrast pictures is provided by the following operating modes of the equipment: voltage is 30 kV, current of a tube is 150 ���, an exposition is 0,3 sec. The specified parameters of shooting allowed to judge with the most accuracy the size, form and density of details of making object. The developed by us the radiographic method of an assessment of grapes buds safety allows, without destroying of research object, to visualize all its internal form-building structures, and, therefore, and their dense, volume and linear anomalies, and this method allows to diagnose the existence or lack of bud�s injury.

Annotation

One of means of an intensification of production of fruit crops and grapes landing material is induction of growth correction effects by bioeffective preparations � the growth regulators of plants. The objects of study of influence of bioeffective preparations on the plants growth processes were the shanks of table grapes varieties of Victoria and Kishmish Luchisty and also the apple-tree dwarf rootstock of Arm 18 and a semi-dwarf rootstock of MM106. As regulators of plants growth the preparations AES-17, KN-2, DEB-41 in a dose of 50 mg/l were tested. This is the regulators of new generation synthesized at the Institute of Chemical Sciences named A.B. Bekturov (Kazakhstan). As a result of the carried out research the high efficiency of application of all testing in the experiences stimulators of root formation on studied grapes varieties is established. The greatest efficiency was shown by the AES-17 and KN-2 preparations. The positive influence of physiologically active agents on formation of roots with diameter more than 2 mm is observed at both grapes varieties in all options of experience with use of plants growth regulators. The greatest number of these roots are observed in case of use of the KN-2 preparation. The use of plants growth regulators also promoted the increase in quantity of an apple-tree standard saplings in comparison with control. The quantity of saplings on the plots with processing of plants growth regulators is increased by 10,6-11,5% in relation to control. The carried-out economic analysis showed the high efficiency of new biologically active growth regulators. The use of growth regulators in the nursery positively influences on the economic indicators. Net income on the revealed in the experience options was 428 350-819 000 tenges/hectare.

Annotation

The features of method of the microfocus X-ray analysis to assess the quality of planting stock of grapes are studied.