Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The comparative assessment of the fruit quality of 9 immune to scab apple varieties at the beginning and end of storage in two modes (+2 � C and -1 � C) is presented. Biochemical composition of fruits was studied. The degree of affection with various fruits microbiological and physiological diseases during storage is shown. Genotypic (varietal) stability of new varieties of apple fruit to disease is revealed. It was established that different genotypic groups require selection of storage temperature

Annotation

Molecular markers make it possible to identify varieties, study their origin, and identify synonyms, homonyms, and impurities in the collections. DNA passports of grape varieties present the genotype profiles for a set of microsatellite (SSR) loci. SSR markers VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79 are the minimum basic set in the work on DNA-passportization of grape varieties. Using this indicated set of SSR markers, we genotyped the varieties of Barkhatny, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Krasnostop Anapskiy and Phillokseroustoychivy Dzhemete grapes from the Anapa Zonal Station of Viticulture and Winemaking and also of the Muscat Hamburg variety included in the study as one of the parental forms of Barkhatny and Dostoyny varieties. The main method, which was used in the work, is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the separation of reaction products on an ABI Prism 3130 automated genetic analyzer. DNA of the Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon reference varieties was used as a control to refine the sizes of identified alleles. DNA was isolated by the CTAB method from the apical leaves of young shoots. Genotype analysis was carried out on DNA from a mixture of plant material of 3-5 typical plants for each variety. The genotypes of the studied varieties showed the different combinations of alleles on the studied microsatellite loci. As a result of DNA profiles analysis, we revealed that the Dostoyny grape variety has a different origin, namely the Muscat Hamburg is not its parent form, at the same time it was confirmed that the other parent form is Phillokseroustoychivy Dzhemete. The obtained DNA profiles of varieties can be used to identify them, verify the variety pure of uterine plantation and planting material, and protect the author's rights.

Annotation

The results of the study of changes in normalized losses from the natural loss of fruit weight (NLW) during the storage of new scab immune columnar apple varie-ties of VNIISPK breeding at a temperature regime +2 ºC are presented in comparison with the �Norms of natural loss of fresh potatoes, vegetables and fruits during long-term storage at bases and warehouses of different types for the second climatic group�. Five varieties were studied. The variety Antonovka Obyknovennaya was taken as a control. The study revealed that the lowest losses from NLW were in the fruits of the Poezia variety � 0,0299 % per day and 0,8960 % for 30 days of storage, while the total duration of storage was the least � 102 days and the registration period of fruit weight loss was 88 days. The greatest losses were recorded in the fruits of the Zvezda Efira variety � 0,0397 % per day and 1,1910 % for 30 days of storage, but the duration of their storage was the longest � 144 days and 129 days of the registration period of fruit weight loss. Guided by the �Norms of natural weight loss� for apple fruit of winter varieties when they were stored for a long time in the rooms with artificial cooling in the Orel region (the second climatic group), it can be stated that NLW in immune columnar varieties goes beyond this norm. The average �normative� indicators for September-December are 2,0 %, while the indicators of the studied varieties were in the range from 2,6 to 5,0 %. It is prematurely to talk about the instability of the studied group of the varieties to NLW during storage taking into consideration the insufficiency of the studied indicators. It is necessary to continue the studies using other storage regimes. It is noted that with increasing periods of fruit storage increase in the losses from NLW.