Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The production of Russian wine is based on the use of active dry yeast imported into the Russian Federation from European countries � France, Germany, Italy. Meanwhile, it is known that the high-quality wines of a geographical name must be produced using the local yeast races. The search for such races (strains) is an urgent task. Analysis of the genetic diversity of wild yeast populations and the creation of their collections is a necessary initial step in creating the new promising strains for industrial winemaking. Such studies are ongoing in Europe to create terroarspecific yeast strains. Grapes were sampled to isolate and study the new local strains of wine yeast in the vineyards of Temryuk and Anapa districts of the Krasnodar Territory. DNA isolation, conditions for PCR and fragment analysis were carried out according to current methods. To analyze the polymorphism length of amplified fragments during SSR genotyping, a fragment analysis was used on an ABIprism 3130 automated genetic analyzer. The data obtained were visualized in Gene Mapper v 4.1. A variety of species and genera of yeast on the surface of grape berries has been established. Moreover, the �yield� of saccharomycetes amounted to about 30 % of the total number of monospore cultures obtained for each of the selection points. The results of the analysis of genetic Relationships and a number of technological characteristics of strains of Saccharomyces sp. Isolated from natural population in ampelocenoses are presented. It was revealed that the geographical factor influenced the occurrence of genetic isolation. The genetically removed strains display the significant differences in a number of physiological and biochemical characteristics.

Annotation

Recently, the task of updating the walnut assortment with new adaptive and high-quality varieties of domestic breeding has been solved, since foreign varieties cannot fully realize their biological potential in the conditions of the North Caucasus. In order to solve the issue of import substitution, it is necessary to create competitive, highly productive varieties with lateral fruiting, adaptive to unfavorable factors. At the same time, an extremely important characteristic of the variety is the quality of the fruit. The article presents the results of research on the search for promising forms of walnut. During the route trips, a preliminary assessment of the studied samples was carried out for the presence of lateral fruiting and fruit load, as a result of which 11 promising forms were identified for assessing the morphometric characteristics and quality of the fruits. All 11 selected forms of walnut are valuable for breeding and can serve as sources of economically useful traits (lateral fruiting, large fruit, high percentage of kernel yield, light, well-filled kernel, thin shell). Forms � 1, � 3, � 4, � 5, � 6, � 7, �. 8, � 10 can be considered the most promising in terms of the complex of phenotypic characteristics of fruits. These samples have an average (� 1, � 5, � 7, � 8) and high (� 3, � 4, � 6, � 11) percentage of kernel yield, good kernel extractability, kernel completion and can be used in breeding work, such as sources of economically valuable traits.

Annotation

In connection with the intensification of horticulture, as well as the relevance of the issue of import substitution, the issue of creating potentially high-yielding varieties of walnuts that can realize their biological productivity potential in the conditions of the North Caucasus is becoming increasingly important, since not only high yield capacity and valuable characteristics of fruits, but also, the increased adaptability to the specific environmental conditions of the region. At the same time, the signs of fruit quality still have one of the key values for the competitiveness of the variety. The article presents the results of research on the search for promising forms of walnut. In the course of expedition trips in order to select promising forms of walnut, valuable samples were identified, in which the lateral type of fruiting and a complex of economically valuable characteristics of the fruit were noted. In general, all 16 selected walnut forms are valuable for breeding programs for various characteristics (type of fruiting, yield capacity, large-fruitedness, important economically valuable fruit traits). Sample Nj-4 has a level of fruit setting on lateral shoots up to 80 %, which suggests the prospect of its use for breeding purposes for this trait. Forms Krd-2, Krd-3, Ps-13, Din-5, Din-10 can be considered promising in terms of the complex of phenotypic characteristics of fruits. These sampleshave a percentage of kernel yield, with the exception of Krd-3 (43.0 %), more than 50 %, good kernel extraction, kernel completion and can be used in breeding work as sources of economically valuable traits.