Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the structure of modern grapes plantations in the Republic of Daghestan the economical characteristic of the vine plants resistance to adverse environmental cultivation conditions, and to diseases and pests is particularly important. The aim of our work is the genetic breeding of highly productive grapes varieties of various using, phylloxera-resistant and resistant to fungal diseases and adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of growing region. The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance to fungal diseases and pests of the grapes seedlings (hybrid forms) of new selection of DSTSVH. Research work was carried out on the experimental basis of Daghestan Selection Testing Station of Viticulture and Horticulture in a collection of varieties and forms. Primary study of hybrid seedlings was carried out according to the M. lazarevskiy method. The results of our study show the expediency of using in the step and inter hybrid crosses between highly productive and local adapted grapes varieties as the female parent. On the hard infectious background, without protective measures, the grapes genotypes resistant to environmental conditions and biotic stresses are selected. It is noted, that advisable to use in the breeding process of new varieties creating of the local adaptive grapes varieties and the new varieties with valuable signs significant in the breeding. With using of varieties � donors of stability and step inter hiybrid crossings it is possible to increase in the resistance of grapes plants to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The results of our research have shown that as donors of resistance to mildew and phylloxera the use of Antey Magarachsky, Pervenets Magaracha and Moldova varieties are promising.

Annotation

The purpose of these study is the development of regulations for the use of plant growth regulators to accelerate ripening and improve the quality of grape varieties of Dagestan breeding. The object of research is the perspective grapes seed varieties of breeding of Dagestan Selection Testing Station of Viticulture and Horticulture. Long-term research (1985-1999) on the influence of various physiologically active substances the development of generative organs of seed grapes varieties made it possible to develop the elements of technology for their use to produce seedless grape berries, and to accelerate the ripening and increase in the sugar accumulation in the berries. Some elements of the technology were tested in the production conditions of Dagestan. In this article, the results of research on the practical application of growth regulators on promising grapes seed varieties of DSTSV&H are presented. The mechanism of growth regulators action on the ripening of berries and sugar accumulation is presented. It is substantiated the promising, expediency and practical significance of the use of growth regulators to obtain the seedless production of seed varieties for example of classical and new varieties, that allow to obtain a crop with a higher sugar content at earlier periods. The study of practical application of growth regulators for promising seed grapes varieties of DSTSV&H breeding in the field conditions have been revealed their positive effect on bunch mass, which increased significantly in some varieties. Based on the results of carried out research, it was conjectured that varieties having in the genealogy the Agadai grapes in the maternal form are more promising for obtaining the high-quality seedless products with high commercial and economic value.

Annotation

The article shows the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of physiological active substances (FAS) for top dressing treatment of vegetative saplings for the formation and development of the root system of grapes. The purpose of this work is to reveal the fundamental possibility of obtaining the high-quality root-owning planting material from shortened cuttings of phyloxera tolerant grape varieties with a limited nutrition area using physiological active substances. Studies were carried out on promising grape varieties for the Republic of Dagestan, suitable for cultivation in the root own crop. The Agadai variety served as a control. It has been established that for phylloxera-tolerant technical grape varieties, when the top dressing application of FAS the indicators shown for the quality of native root planting material are achieved. The use of physiological active Substances by treating the leaf surface of grape sapling is more effective and more appropriate than the preplanting application of an auxin preparation. In particular, in the process of studying a promising technical variety of Pervenets Magarach for the Republic of Daghestan suitable for own roots cultivationit it is revealed that the optimal for obtaining root- owning planting material is a planting scheme of 20x10 cm with a cuttings length of 20 cm and when the treatment of vegetative plants with a solution of FAS when the shoots of 20-30 cm in length. The results of carried out research open the way for accelerated propagation of especially valuable phyloxera-tolerant grape varieties under the condition of limited genetic material and land resources.

Annotation

�hysiologically active compounds are considered and offered as a factor of increase of grapes stability to a phylloxera in that article.

Annotation

The new grapes varieties of should have ecological plasticity, suitability for mechanization of processes for bush caring, have a high quality of the crop, including an increased content of biologically valuable substances. At present, the special interest is manifested in varieties with group resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions, diseases and pests that allow us to effectively cultivate their varieties in the own-root culture. This article gives the botanical, agrobiological and economic-technological characteristic of the new table grapes variety of Souvenir DSVOSViO when it is cultivated in the ecological conditions of Southern Dagestan. A new table variety of DSESVV breeding (hybrid form G-62) was obtained by crossing of grapes varieties of Agadai and Linyan Bely. One of the main advantages of the new grapes variety is a compact, beautiful bunch of medium-size and original star shape form. The berry is large, the skin of the berries is quite thick. The taste is simple and pleasant. The berries are hard and withstand the crushing load of 1726-1800 g, and when removed from the fruit-stem � 400-417 g. The yield capacity of a new variety at a feeding area of 3.5 x 2.0 m is 7.4-8.5 kg/bush or 105.6-121.4 centner/hectar. The resistance of the new variety to fungal diseases and pests is average and it is tolerant to the own-root form of phylloxera. The yield of 20-year-old bushes in the own-root culture is more than 100 c/hectar, therefore a new grapes variety of Souvenir DSVOSViO in the conditions of the South of Russia can be promising when cultivation of own-root culture. The selected hybrid form will transferred to the State Commission for Testing and Preservation of Breeding Achievements in 2017.