Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The use of DNA markers, along with classical identification methods based on morphological assessment, makes it possible to more accurately determine the varietal affiliation of grape plants, as well as clarify the origin of genotypes. The purpose of this work is to perform genotyping of grape varieties bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing (DBESV&V) using microsatellite markers (SSR) used for varietal identification and clarify the origin of varieties using DNA analysis data. The objects of the study were six table grape varieties � Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muscat Derbenskiy. The DNA of the studied varieties was extracted by the CTAB method from herbarized plant material. Genotyping was carried out using a standard set of SSR markers: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79 by PCR followed by analysis of the results on an ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer, the obtained data were processed using the GeneMapper v 4.1 program and aligned with reference variety Pinot noir. Pedigrees of varieties were analyzed based on the principle of codominant inheritance of alleles from parents to offspring. DNA profiles of parental forms (Csaba gyoengye, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Hamburg, Kirovabadskiy stolovyi) of the studied varieties were taken from the international database of grape varieties VIVC (Vitis International Variety Catalogue), and we also used the previously developed DNA passport of Agadai variety. As a result of the study, DNA-passports of 6 varieties of DBESV&V breeding were developed. DNA analysis confirmed origin of grape varieties Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muskat Derbentskiy from the declared parental forms.

Annotation

The article presents the results of agrobiological and physiological-biochemical studies to ensure the stability of grape plantations in unstable weather conditions and anthropogenic intensification of production. Studies in the agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar region on the southern chernozems revealed the most productive norm of loading of grape bushes with shoots for the technical varieties Kurchanskiy, Dmitriy, Vladimir, Granatovyi, Antaris and Alkor, on leached chernozems � for the table seedless variety Centennial Seedless. According to the results of electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel and an increased content of ascorbic acid, increased frost resistance was established in the varieties Kristall, Vostorg, Krasnostop AZOS. The Vostorg and Zarif varieties proved to be more adaptive to the stresses of the summer period in terms of leaf hydration, bound water content, the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids, the amount of proline and water-soluble sugars, membrane permeability. The role of physiologically active substances in increasing the adaptive potential of grape plants has been established. The treatment of Merlot vines with methyl jasmonate and epibrassinolide during deep dormancy period, as well as proline, salicylic acid and epibrassinolide during induced dormancy period had a positive effect on the condition of the vine: there was a decrease in electrolyte yield. Sustainable grape cultivation is achieved with the systemic use of the �Bioconcentrate-Z� effluent by the non-root method. Against the background of nonroot treatments of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties, a higher level of plant water supply, an increase in potassium content, green pigments, organic acids and grape yields were established. Physiologically active compounds and the preparation Turinbash have a positive effect in intensive own-root plantations of native and promising introduced grape varieties against the background of phylloxera infection in the southern part of Dagestan. The created yield forecasting method based on the NDVI of the grape plant and the actual data of multispectral images of the phenophases of flowering and growth allows to increase the accuracy of the calculated yield capacity to the actual one with a deviation from 0 to 0.8 kg per bush, the accuracy of the forecast increases by 2 times by the end of the growth phase and by the beginning of the maturation phase.