Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the article are presented the botanical, agrobiological and economic-technological characteristics of a new table grape variety with the working Name Pamyati Peytel (G-7-26-258), in the ecological conditions of Southern Daghestan. The hybrid form G-7-26-258 obtained by crossing the varieties Nimrang x Agadai, belongs to the group of varieties of the middle-late ripening period. The duration of the growing season is 140 days with the sum of active temperatures 2980 º�. Bushes of great growth, annual shoots ripen by 90-95 %. The cluuster is large, cylindrical, of medium density and dense. The berry is large, flattened, slightly lobated, light yellowish. The skin is of medium strength. The pulp is dense, thick-walled. The taste is harmonious, pleasant, refreshing. The seeds in the berry are two or four, more often one or three. The yield is 13-15 kg per bush. The sugar content of the juice is 161 g/dm3 , the titratable acidity is 5.9 g/dm3 . The transportability is high. Resistance to fungal diseases and pests in comparison with other tablezoned varieties is high. The variety shows tolerance to the root phylloxera, reaching a yield of more than 10 kg per bush in its own rooted culture at the age of more than 20 years against the background of overall phylloxera infestation. Winter hardiness is high, and frost resistance is sufficient for the open-earth zone of the coastal areas of the Republic of Daghestan � in 2012 at -17.8 º� the death of eyes was 33.2 %. The yield of the hybrid form of grapes G-7-26-258 is recommended for fresh consumption, export and storage. The introduction of the variety into production will contribute to the expansion of the assortment and conveyor of the Republic of Daghestan table grapes.

Annotation

The article summarizes the results of the research work of scientists from Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, a branch of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Wine-making, carried out in accordance with the State task for 2021 and the Research Plan for 2019-2021 based on the FSR Program of State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020. The results reflect the main directions of the research work of the station: genetic resources, breeding and variety study, protection of plants from stress factors, obtaining environmentally safe products of grapes, vegetables and subtropical fruit crops. The main objectives of the research work are the creation of new genotypes of grapes, based on the mobilization of the potential of wild species, native and highly valuable introduced varieties with high productivity, product quality and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses; improvement of the methodologi-cal base to accelerate the breeding process of grapes; disclosure of the fundamental mechanisms for the formation of genetic and functional resistance to diseases and pests of grapes, which will create the basis for the targeted creation of new varieties with desired characteristics; scientific and applied bases for obtaining environmentally safe raw materials for the production of functional food products in order to prevent socially significant diseases. The research results obtained in 2021 expanded the base of genetic sources and methodological approaches for creating adaptive grape varieties in the changing climatic conditions of southern Russia, made it possible to expand methodological approaches to managing grape resistance to root phylloxera, the quality of table grapes and own-rooted planting material using physiologically active compounds; con-firmed the fundamental possibility of hormonal control of plant development and the quality of grape, tomato and broccoli raw materials to create environmentally safe functional food products focused on the prevention of socially significant diseases.

Annotation

Taking in account the diverse of broccoli chemical composition as a source of essential nutrients, it is important to study the quality indicators of broccoli organs, which allow us to obtain new experimental data and to identify the sources of the most valuable components of biologically active substances. The objects of research were various organs of broccoli cabbage (for example, the Maraton variety): heads, stem, non-woody cuttings, as well as broccoli seedlings grown in Daghestan. It was found that the most valuable organ of broccoli cabbage by chemical composition is the head, which is the main source of natural antioxidants, vitamins C, PP, E, P. It was shown that the axillary heads have the highest content of vitamin C (198.8 mg/100 g), slightly lower than that in the main heads (154.0 mg/100 g). Broccoli heads are a source of minerals. The main heads contain 321.9 mg/100 g of potassium, 43.4 mg/100 g of calcium, 20.3 mg/100 g of magnesium, 54.8 mg/100 g of phosphorus and 0.56 mg/100 g of iron, in the axillary heads the value of these indicators are lower. The sources of valuable nutrients are juicy stems and a non-woody stalk too. The stems of broccoli contain more sugars, fiber, and pectin substances than that in the head, and besides the axillary stems contain more of these nutrients. The edible juicy stalks are also rich in vitamins, the content of which is lower than that in the heads. The main stems are rich in vitamin PP, vitamin E, and contain less vitamin C, in comparison with axillary ones. The content of vitamin P in the stalks of broccoli cabbage is significantly lower than that in the heads. Non-woody broccoli cabbage is characterized by a maximum content of fiber, sugar and pectin substances, the content of vitamin C in ones is lower than that in the heads and stems. Broccoli seedling are a valuable organic product, due to the high level of antioxidants 19.8 mg / kg, the presence of an important biologically active substance indole-3-carbinol in the amount of 7.0 mg/kg. It can be concluded that the heads and stems of broccoli cabbage can be used in food to improve the structure of nutrition, as sources of vitamins C, PP, E and minerals, as well as to obtain natural food for functional purposes. Non-woody broccoli cuttings are recommended as a fiber-fortifying component in the production of functional food products, and the seedlings to produce the biologically active supplements, as sources of indole-3-carbinol.

Annotation

The data of estimation of damage degree of native grape varieties buds, breeding DBESV&O and hybrid forms as a result of influence of critical winter temperatures in 2012 in Daghestan condition are presented. The coefficient of fruitfulness of studied varieties is determined and varieties with high degree of winter hardiness are revealed

Annotation

The article presents the main results of the research work of scientists of the DBESVVG � branch of NCFSCHVW, carried out in accordance with the State Task for 2023 and the Research Plan for 2022-2026 on the basis of the PFSR of the state Academies of Sciences for 2021-2030. The research results reflect the main directions of the research station: genetic resources, breeding and variety studies of grapes, vegetable and subtropical fruit crops; development of a methodology for the creation and operation of intensive own-root plantations of grapes in the phylloxera infestation zone; obtaining environmentally safe products of grapes, vegetables and subtropical fruit crops. The main objectives of the research work are the creation of new genotypes of grapes, subtropical fruit and vegetable crops based on the mobilization of the potential of wild species, native and high-value introduced varieties with high productivity, product quality and resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors; improvement of the methodological base to accelerate the breeding process of grapes; identification of mechanisms for the realization of the genetic potential of indigenous and promising introduced grape varieties against the background of phylloxera infection, mechanisms for the formation of genetic and functional tolerance to the pest and scientific (biological) foundations for the creation of intensive own root plantations of grapes; identification of patterns of accumulation of dry matter and BAS in raw materials obtained from young broccoli plants and secondary products of grape and tomato processing depending on from varietal characteristics, stages of development, harvest period, processing methods; development of scientific and applied bases for obtaining environmentally safe raw materials for the production of functional food products and dietary supplements intended for the prevention of cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The research results expanded the base of genetic sources and methodological approaches for the creation of adaptive grape varieties in the changing climatic conditions of southern Russia, allowed to expand methodological approaches to the creation of root-related grape plantations and management of resistance to stressors, confirmed the fundamental possibility and effectiveness of hormonal management of the development of grape plants from the first year of life, as well as the quality of raw grapes, tomatoes and broccoli to create environmentally safe functional food products and dietary supplements, focused on the prevention of socially significant diseases.