Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The influence of systemic application of top-dressing for Chardonnay and Merlot grapes with water solutions of special organomineral microfertilizers the biological productivity of plants, the chemical composition of berries and the quality indicators of wine materials is studied. In 2016-2017, special organomineral composition containing amino acids, ascophyllum nodosum algae extract and the trace elements (B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mo, Co) were used in the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Significant influence of agricultural ways the number of fruit-bearing shoots, inflorescences and growth activity of grapes was revealed. In comparison with the control variant (without preparations), the number of fruit-bearing shoots per bush increased by 7.4-19.2 % and inflorescences � by 3.7-12.5 %. In the summer period, against the background of the negative effect of abiotic factors, sufficient hydration of cells in grape plants with preparation`s treatments was achieved by increasing in the connected form of water. The photosynthetic activity of the leaves was maintained due to the formation of a more powerful palisade mesophyll. Fertilizing with organomineral microfertilizers helped to strengthen the reproductive function of plants (an increase in yield by 19-30 %, depending on the variety), and had a positive effect on the commercial quality of grapes. In the juice of grapes a sugar content is increased in comparison with the control variant by 17 % for Chardonnay and 14 % for the Merlot, and as a result, the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol in wine was significantly higher compared to control samples (1.3% vol.). Top dressing with organomineral microfertilizers contributed to a decrease in the mass concentration of titrated acids in the juice of grape berries by 13 %. A higher organoleptic value of wine materials from grapes grown on the background of organomineral top dressing was given. The samples had more complete varietal nuances and long good taste.

Annotation

In 2022-2023, in the conditions of the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar region (OOO �Abrau-Durso�, Novorossiysk), an agrobiological study of the effectiveness of using foliar top dressing of grapes with aqueous solutions of the BioconcentrateZ effluent was carried out using field experience. A new, environmentally friendly, safe organic fertilizer was obtained using a biotechnological method of metangeneration with the participation of anaerobic bacteria by-products of animal husbandry, as well as compost mixtures based on them with plant biomass. In accordance with the characteristics of the composition of the drug, "Bioconcentrate-Z" consists mainly of humic and fulvic acids. The fertilizer also contains a complex of macro- and microelements, phytohormones (in micro quantities), growth regulators, strains of living rhizospheric soil microorganisms, amino acids. The drug is non-toxic, does not contain heavy metals, meets the requirements of GOST 33380-2015 "Organic fertilizers. The effluent. Technical conditions", is intended for use in the system of organic and biologized agriculture based on international standards of organic agriculture. As a result of studying the effectiveness of foliar treatment of grape plants with the "Bioconcentrate Z" effluent, the prospects of using the method of increasing plant stability and productivity against the background of the negative influence of abiotic factors according to the criteria were revealed: assimilation and metabolic activity of plants, economic productivity, dynamics of accumulation of dry substances by berries, commercial quality of the yield. Against the background of the use of the drug, in comparison with the control variant (without treatments), a higher assimilation activity of leaves during the summer period of photosynthesis depression, an increase in the content of organic acids, phenolic compounds, f ree amino acids, including the osmoprotector proline, was established. The increase in yield in 2022 and 2023 was obtained mainly due to an increase in the number of fruiting shoots per bush and the mass of the bunch due to its higher density.

Annotation

In 2016-2022, the effectiveness of the systematic use of foliar treatments of Merlot and Chardonnay grape varieties with aqueous solutions of biomineral preparations was investigated in the conditions of the Black Sea zone of the Gelendzhik subzone of the Krasnodar region. The modernness of the research is due to the innovative composition of the preparations used, which are an energy reserve for plants, combining the properties of an inducer of immunity and a source of mineral nutrition. The research methodology is focused on solving the practical problem of optimizing the nutritional regime and stabilizing the functional state of the grape plant, which determine the weight and quality of the crop. In this regard, the solution of scientific and practical tasks was carried out using the biological method (single-factor field experiment), as well as measuring and weighing, biometric, laboratory, comparative calculation methods. The effectiveness of systemic use of biomineral preparations in ampelocenosis by a foliar method was evaluated according to the criteria: the load of the bush with fruiting shoots, the number of inflorescences per bush, the functional state of plants, seasonal dynamics of shoot growth, bunch weight, yield capacity, qualitative characteristics of the yield, economic component. It was found that systematically applied preparations contributed to an increase in the number of fruiting shoots per bush in the Merlot variety by 11-28 % in 2018-2021 and in the Chardonnay variety by 4-16% in 2016-2021 in comparison with the control variant (without foliar application). The number of buds with the highest productivity against the background of foliar treatments of plants was higher by 4.2-5.3%. The tendency to exceed the number of inflorescences per bush persisted in plants throughout the study period. A decrease in fruit cast by 5-7 % was revealed. There was an increase in the content of physiologically active substances in the leaves of shoots. The analysis of the dynamics of grape yield capacity allowed us to consider the reception of foliar treatment as a way to realize the potential productivity of plants in unstable environmental conditions. The mass of the bunch annually exceeded the values of the indicator in the control variant by 2.3-16.5% (Merlot grape variety) and 3.8-21.9% (Chardonnay grape variety). The sugar content of berry juice was higher by 1.5-2.7 g/100 cm3.