Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Under the conditions of Southern gardening, the adaptive potential of 12 introduced varieties (Hibiscus x moscheutos L.): Cranberry Crush, Fantasia, Fireball, Jazzberry Jam, Kopper King, Old Yella, Plam Crasy, Royal Gems, Robert Fleming, Summer Storm, Pepermint Shnaps, Heartthrob was studied. The stability of introduced varieties to the complex of unfavorable summer stress factors (high summer temperatures reaching +37 ºC and above, deficiency of air and soil moisture, dry-water phenomena, increased insolation) is estimated. The most stable varieties are selected: Peppermint Schnapps, Fantasia, Fireball, Jazzberry Jam, Summer Storm � stability at the level of 4-5 points. For varieties Fantasia and Peppermint Schnapps distinctive thick waxy cuticle of the leaf, which causes their increased drought tolerance, is topical. The varieties of Royal Gems, Plum Crazy, Robert Fleming are non-resistant, they worse than others tolerate to dry hot period, their stability is 3 points. These varieties in the summer with drought reduced the flowering period, the flower size, he leaves lose turgor. It is observed the desiccation and shedding of buds for the varieties of Cranberry Crush and Heartthrob. Some plants showed the signs of the disease: Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum hibisci Poll., Fusarium equiseti (�orda) Sacc, Phytophthora sp. On the plants of Kopper King, t he symptoms of defeat of viral origin are noted. On some plants the vermins are observed � Heliothis armigera L, Autographa gamma L., Metcalfa pruinosa Say., Tetranychus sp. The obtained data indicate the need for the development of protective measures in the process of cultivation of Hibiscus x moscheutos L. in the Southern horticulture of Russia.

Annotation

Under the conditions of the central subzone of the Krasnodar Region, the morphometric indexes of 10 perspective varieties of hybrid herbaceous hibiscus (Hibiscus x moscheutos L.) were studied. It is established that the introduced varieties of hibiscus vary considerably in parameters: the height of the bush, the number of generative shoots on the bush, the number of flowers on the shoot, the number of simultaneously open flowers on the shoot, the number of simultaneously open flowers on the bush, the diameter of the flower, the percentage of fruit (boxes). Low-growing varieties are indicated with a bush height of up to 100 cm: Royal Gems, Robert Fleming; medium- growing (100-160 cm): Cranberry Crush, Jazzberry Jam, Plum Crasy, Old Yella, Summer Storm; high growing (over 160 cm): Fantasia, Fireball. The maximum number of generative shoots was established in the varieties Jazzberry Jam (12) and Robert Fleming (8), the minimum � in the varieties Old Yella (3), Plum Crasy (4), Royal Gems (4). It is revealed that the Cranberry Crush, Robert Fleming, Kopper King varieties do not form the fruits in the Krasnodar Region. In Jazzberry Jam, Royal Gems, Plum Crasy varieties the fruits are tied rarely, seeds are often defective. To involve in the breeding process, the varieties are selected as the mother plants: Fantasia, Fireball, Old Yella, Summer Storm in which the fruits are tied on average f rom 10-40 %. The varieties-sources of compact bushes with a dense high-decorative leaf mosaic are defined: Cranberry Crush, Jazzberry Jam, Summer Storm. The varieties selected have a high adaptive potential in combination with valuable decorative features and are promising for landscape construction in the Southern Russia.

Annotation

Hibiscus x moscheutos L. is a promising decorative perennial for inclusion in green plantings in the southern regions of Russia. Currently, there is no data available on the most effective methods of propagating hibiscus in the conditions of southern gardening in Russia. Since 2014, FSBSI �North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making� (Krasnodar) has been carrying out work on introduction and variety study of H. x moscheutos. The collection includes 47 varieties. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the potential of vegetative propagation of promising varieties using the herbaceous cuttings method. The study included 18 varieties and hybrids. In the experiment 2 cutting periods were studied: 1st period � spring (II-III decade of May), 2nd period � summer (III decade of June � 1st decade of July (control). It was established that herbaceous cuttings can be carried out in 2 periods � in the II decade of May, with the placement of mother bushes in protected ground, and in the III decade of June, with the preparation of cuttings from mother plants growing in open ground. For most varieties, spring cuttings are preferable. In this case, young plants overwinter better, and the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in pots is higher. During wintering of plants of summer cuttings, a high percentage of death was observed, which is associated with the low winter hardiness of young plants. A significant decrease in the yield of marketable seedlings after 1 year of growing in plants of summer cuttings was detected in the following varieties: Berry Awersome, Midnithe Marvell, Plam Flambe, Perfect Storm � a decrease in the yield of seedlings of I grade was observed by almost 2 times in comparison with plants rooted in spring. The best performance in herbaceous cuttings was found in the following varieties: Cherry Cheescake, Cranberry Crush, Peppermint Schnapps, Jazzberry Jam, Summer in Paradise, Krasny Rusanova, Hybrid � 5. These cultivars combine in their genotype adaptability to abiotic stress factors and increased productivity of uterine bushes during cuttings and provide a high yield of marketable seedlings when grown in pots.