Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Tyshchenko Evgenya
Articles in journal: (total 23)
In the article the results of the strawberries vegetative reproduction in the two soil-and-climatic zones are given: in the Krasnodar region and Belarus.
The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of small-flowered climbing roses in the conditions of southern Russia. The purpose of the research is to identify the most promising areas for vertical gardening in the central subzone of the Krasnodar region based on the results of a comprehensive assessment. 14 varieties were studied from different garden groups: Hybrid Wichurana (H. Which) 9 varieties, Hybrid China & Climbimg Hybrid China (Cl HCh) 1, Hybrid Musk (H Msk) 2, Hybrid Sempervirens (H Sem) 1, Hybrid Multiflora (H. Mult) 1. Plants grafted on rootstock Rosa canina L. (R. canina) are grown without cover in winter. Soils leached, low-humus super-powerful chernozems, pH 6.8. The comprehensive assessment includes an assessment of the decorative value of varieties on a 100-point scale and an assessment of economic and biological properties on a 50-point scale. According to the Methodology of the state variety testing, the assessment of decorative value is carried out according to 10 main characteristics: flower color, flower size, flower shape and inflorescence, terry, aroma, resistance of flowers to adverse weather conditions, bush habit, originality, abundance of flowering, condition of plants. Instead of the feature Condition of plants, it was proposed to introduce the indicator Duration of flowering (permanent flowering capacity) with a conversion factor of significance 3. This is due to the fact that modern varieties of small-flowered climbing roses have new characteristics of the Flowering phase. When assessing the decorative value of varieties that have received a total of at least 75-85 points, they are considered promising. The following varieties received high scores when evaluating decorative features: Felicite et Perpetue (84), Super Elfin (83), Super Doroty (82), Guirlande d´Amour (91). The assessment of the economic and biological properties of varieties of small-flowered climbing roses is proposed to be evaluated by five features (drought resistance and heat resistance, winter hardiness, disease resistance, self-cleaning, growth rate of the bush) within 50 points. The maximum scores on the results of the assessment of economic and biological characteristics were noted in the varieties: Bobbie James (42), Filipes Kiftsgate (41), Guirlande d´Amour (44). According to the results of the research, the varieties that received a comprehensive assessment of 120 points and higher are among the most valuable and promising for mass reproduction and introduction into the practice of gardening in the south of Russia. The highest scores were observed in the varieties Felicite et Perpetue (122), Super Elfin (122), Guirlande d´Amur (135). The proposed system of criteria for evaluating the decorative and economic-biological properties of varieties allows us to more objectively identify the most valuable varieties for practical use.
In this article the problems of a modern nursery organization are presented, the features of development of landing material production in the Krasnodar Region according to import substitution are shown. During the fast development of production of various landing material the most important problems are the assortment of cultivated crops; the insufficient use of modern technologies of saplings production; the phytosanitary condition of nurseries; the lack of basic nurseries and modern hi-tech infrastructure; big share of manual works, etc. Lack of self-fertile varieties of many crops is observed, nurseries have not a wide line of varieties of various term of maturing, low focus on preferences of domestic consumers is noted. Because of climate shift from moderate continental to sharply continental the lack of adaptive technologies of cultivation and the corresponding varieties and rootstocks is sharply felt. For the solution of these problems the priority directions of development of a modern nursery with use of new achievements in virology, immunology, etc. are offered. The improvement of assortment of landing material of varieties and rootstocks highly adapted to bio and abiotic stressors is offered. The emphasis is made hat nursery farms have to rely on the market research carried out in this region and make their work taking into account the demands of certain groups of consumers. The development of the aggressive marketing technologies capable to resist to expansion of foreign technologies and import products on the Russian market is necessary, and scientific institutions have to the leading position in this process. In the article the strategy of the organization of production of landing material is offered considering to the different opportunities of the farms which are growing up the landing material of garden crops.
The assortment of conifers used in landscape construction in the south of Russia has been replenished with new species, forms, and varieties over the past 25-30 years. The expansion of the assortment of coniferous species occurs due to the introduction of plants from other regions with different natural and climatic conditions. Newly planted stands experience stress, which has a negative impact on the immune status of introduced plants. These cultivars are most often affected by fungal diseases and are damaged by numerous phytophages of native origin. The aim of the research was to establish the species composition of sugescent pests of coniferous plants in the urban landscapes of the Krasnodar region. World experience in the study of urban landscapes shows the expansion of the species composition of pests from the Homoptera order. Based on the results of the studies, the species diversity of sugescent pests of coniferous plants in the Krasnodar region was revealed, they were ranked according to the type of dietary, and a database is being formed. It has been established that the dominant representatives of the superfamily Coccidae in the Krasnodar region are: European juniper scale insect (Carulaspis juniperi Bouché) and yew pseudo scale insect (Parthenolecanium pomeranicum Kawecki), pine spindle scale insect (Anamaspis lowi Colvée). The patterns of nutritional adaptation have not only theoretical but also practical significance. It is possible to predict the probable composition of pests on a newly introduced crop based on the obtained data. At the same time, the obtained regularities are one of the theoretical foundations of protective measures for pest control.
The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of 25 varieties of climbing roses (LCl-15 varieties, S-6, ClB-1, Ayr-1, HKor-2) under the climatic conditions of the central subzone of Krasnodar Territory. The assessment of the ornamental value of varieties was carried out according to 100 point system (methodology of State variety testing), which includes 10 characteristics: color, size, flower shape, doubleness, aroma, flower resistance, decorative bush, originality, abundance of flowering, and uniformity of the variety. When assessing the decorative merits, the highest scores were given to varieties: City of York (85), Adjimushkay (87). Devichji Grezy (87), Angela (90), Pierre de Ronsard (94), St. Swithun (92). Economic and biological properties of rose varieties under study were assessed using a 50 point system according to 6 characteristics: remontability, drought resistance, winter hardiness, disease resistance, self-cleaning, and the growth rate of the bush. As the results of the research carried out, the best rose varieties were identified on their economic and biological properties (rate above 35 points): Angela (44), City of York (38), Laguna (38), New Dawn (43), St.Swithun (44). Based on the results of a comprehensive assessment (100 points + 50 points) the rose varieties were identified that received 120 points and above, which are considered promising for mass propagation and use in vertical gardening. The greatest stability in the manifestation of ornamental and economically valuable traits was shown by the varieties: City of York, Devichji Grezy, New Dawn, St. Swithun, Pierre de Ronsard, Adjimushkaj. The rose varieties that scored 100-119 points are considered as additional to the main list (Albertine, Duc de Constantine, Ducat, Ihtiandr, Maritim, etc.). When they are growing, the higher agricultural techniques for full decorative effect are needed. The rose varieties with a score of less than 100 points are recommended to be considered unpromising f or gardening (Ilse Krohn Superior).