Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Construction of plantings, forming of crown
New systems of formation and conducting grape plantings are developed for a zone covered and conditionally covered cultures, consisting that serial conducting bushes among bushes not covered for the winter with highstem a cordon and covered horizontal twisted cordons with twisted inclined stems or on type long-armed unilateral forms on the bottom demountable wire of the lane, providing is provided, annual reception of high crops of grapes at the expense of covered bushes is not dependent on damages of not covered bushes in negative temperatures.
Results of research in regulation of light exposure of krone and transformation of growth shoots in fruit formations in the low growing apple-trees with density of placing 2000 pieces/hectare and more are presented. In most varieties of apple-trees summer pruning decreases vegetative growth and improves the conditions of formation and development of fruit formations. Balanced training of krone stabilizes fructification.
Comparative study of sweet cherry trees training systems was conducted. Training of trees according to system Spanish bush lowered the intensity of growth twofold and accelerated the beginning trees fructification by three years.
Results of research on formation of various types of krones of sweet cherry on clonal stock VSL-2 in the irrigation conditions of the Rostov region are presented and preliminarily promising krone types are allocated.
It has been established that in the conditions of the foothills in the region of western ap-proaches of the Caucasus in the plantations with their rows oriented to the westwards of the east and with flattening of the rounded tree crowns made for the trees in the trans-verse row direction the content of dry soluble substances, saccharins, ascorbic acid, anthocyans in the peel is increased in the fruits from Idared variety appletrees.