Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article is devoted to the development of QMS process guidance "Corrective and preventive actions" for the LLC SIE "Mikrovinodelie", which is one from important governing processes of the quality management system. The actuality of the development connects with the need of accelerate development of small-sized high-tech enterprises for processing of agricultural production on the basis of creating for them of a favorable competitive environment. The process of prevention and correction of actions for the release of products conforming to the requirements of national and international standards is the basis of eliminating and preventing of actual or potential inconsistencies in products, processes and documentation and provides the confidence of enterprise in its efficiency and competitiveness. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of process approach to development of quality management system. The process algorithm of "The corrective and preventive actions" is developed and it is based on the prevention of inconsistencies in the quality of wine production and removing of their causes. The order of fulfillment of operations is described, the input and output requirements to the process with links to regulatory documents governing there execution are advanced, the criterions for assessment of quality of the execution of this process and the matrix of distribution of responsibility are elaborated.

Annotation

In the Krasnodar Region, in a view of the intensified development of production of table and technical grapes varieties in the country farms, the question of creation of small-sized and hi-tech enterprises producing the high-quality competitive wines controlled according to the name and a geographical origin is actual. That the small enterprise will become rather competitive, it needs to introduce in the production the full-fledged optimized system of quality management (SMQ). The problem arising during forming of SMQ at a small enterprise is the definition of conditions of production and check of products quality. For ensuring of compliance of quality management system to requirements of normative documents it is necessary to create the system of monitoring and measurement of technological and organizational processes and the indicators of production quality. These questions are answered by a complex of the processes connected with control, measurement, analysis and improvement of production and processes. This article is devoted to development of the guide to process "Monitoring and measures of production and processes" for the small innovative enterprise "Mikrovinodeliye". The main purpose of this guide is the control and measurement of the current values of quality and safety of the wine-making production and the technological processes and the efficiency of function of quality management system as a whole. The algorithm of process is developed, its place in the quality management system is shown, the input and output requirements to process with links to normative documentation are adduced. The criterions of an assessment of quality of this process and a matrix of distribution of responsibility are developed. The system fulfillment of operations offered in the developed guide will allow to provide the stable growth of the small innovative enterprise on the basis of output of competitive wine-making production irrespective of change of external conditions of the environment.

Annotation

The article reveals the need to develop a computer program for the creation and control of the ampelocenoses production potential. This program is necessary for agricultural producers to make the control decisions on the creation and operation of ampelocenoses in order to ensure the competitiveness of produced products. The creation of united database of grape genetic resources and their quality indicators, manifested in the different soil and climatic conditions of the cultivation zones, will make it possible to quickly select the optimal assortment for all crop cultivation zones taking into account climate change, as well as to create the new highly effective variety forms, which is of significant interest for scientific institutions. The computer program being developed is based on spacious scientific knowledge, including data on varieties, the resource agroecological potential of grape growing regions, based on a systematic approach that provides the greatest degree of realization of the factors totality in the production process that determine the stability of fruiting, productivity and quality of grapes. As a result of the research, a system architecture was developed for the prototype of software methods to manage the integrated stability of grape agroecosystems to ensure maximum feasibility of the biological potential and self-reproduction of ampelocenoses under the conditions of technogenic intensification of production and climate change. The results of studies on the development of a database of economically valuable traits of various ecological and geographical origin grape varieties are presented, including a description of more than 80 traits and resource agroecological potential of grape cultivation areas in more than of 20 parameters, as well as the creation of basic models (laying a new vineyard) and operational models (care system for the existing vineyard) for cultivation technologies.

Annotation

Under the unstable conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of Krasnodar Territory � an important region f or the cultivation of grapes � the problem of its resistance to the stresses of the winter period is urgent. In this regard, the search for new diagnostic indicators of winter hardiness continues, contributing to the identification of grape varieties adapted to modern conditions of a changing climate. The purpose of this work is to carry out comparative studies of grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin according to the dynamics of the content of phenolic substances in the bark of one-year shoots under in the conditions of the winter period and to distinguish winter-hardy varieties using this indicator. The studies carried out have confirmed the previously fact established of the involvement of phenolic substances in the mechanism of grape plant protection against unfavorable winter conditions. In our studies, there were quantitative changes in the content of anthocyanins, chalcones, chlorogenic and caffeic acids in the studied grape organs of varieties under study during the winter period. The degree of contribution of each type of phenolic substance to the defense system was different and was determined by the variety. It was found that anthocyanins and chalcones are actively involved in the cryoprotective function in the Dostoyny, Vostorg and Zarif varieties. In these grape varieties, the maximum total content of anthocyanins (12.3-12.9 conventional units) and chalcones (21.5-24.8 conventional units) was noted during period under study. The protective function of chlorogenic and caffeic acids is not entirely clear. It is shown that the dynamics of anthocyanins and chalcones content in the bark of annual grape shoots studied plants can be one of the indirect methods of assessing the winter hardiness of grape varieties for breeding purposes.

Annotation

The article presents the results of the research work of scientists of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW obtained in 2021. Research is focused on solving problems of developing the fundamental foundations of agricultural biotechnology, including molecular biological methods of molecular breeding, methods of managing the breeding process to create new plant genotypes; development of technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops in order to design highly productive agrophytocenoses and agroecosystems of perennial crops, etc. The article analyzes the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities according to the criteria of research, publishing, publication and inventive activity, innovative, educational, financial and economic actions of a scientific institution. As a result of the implementa-tion of R&D, 111 completed developments of fundamental importance were obtained, which form the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of STP of the priority-applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 70 developments that improve the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and grape plantations, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool has been preserved � 7258 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 102 variety samples; clones were selected and 5 donors and 37 sources were allocated to create new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to the most harmful diseases and pests. One of the most important results of the research was 4 varieties of fruit crops: (apple � Carmenta, cherry � Yuzhanka, grape � Pinot Meunier, rose � Yubileynaya). The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use for 2021 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes varieties: apple � Renet Platona, Yunona, cherry � Aleksa, quince � Kubanochka, grape � Dmitriy. Output products in the form of objects of intellectual property for 104 completed developments are registered in the EGISU electronic accounting database. Normative documentation was developed in the form of organization standards, technological instructions and specifications for 43 completed developments.