Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The work is relevant because it is directed on a solution of a question of decreasing in prime cost of apple rootstocks' clonal micropropagation technology and increasing exit of plants. The results of researches on selection of the low-toxic, economic and environmentally friendly growth factors, organizers of structure of a nutrient medium, and also increasing of efficiency of apple rootstocks' microplants' adaptation in unsterile environmental conditions are presented. The experiment showed that on the main quality indicators of microshoots furolan in concentration of 4 mg/l is less dangerous and more economic analog of traditionally used growth factors (6-BAP, GA, IBA) with efficiency at the same level and above. The potato starch was defined as analog of agar-agar in the nutrient medium with mineral structure on a recipe of Murashige and Skoog for cultivation apple rootstocks' microshoots of the SK series. By experience the conditions raising the eficiency of apple rootstocks' microplants' adaptation to unsterile environmental conditions were established. The adaptation of apple rootstocks' microplants should be begun with the moment when plants reach the size of 5-10 cm, and their root system will consist of several well developed roots, 2-5 cm long in 800 ml vessels on a substratum the lixivious black soil stabilized within a day at a temperature 100º C with addition of half solution of salts on a recipe of Murashige and Skoog

Annotation

For modern clonal micro propagation the great interest is represented by low-toxic, environmentally friendly, budgetary growth regulators of new generation, in particular the derivatives of organic acids received when processing waste of agricultural production. These preparations pass the broad tests in agrarian production, but in vitro culture their test wasn't carried out. This work is performed for the purpose of study of plantlets' growth reactions and definition of an optimum ratio and concentration of new and traditional growth factors at a stage of regeneration and multiplication of plum micro shoots. As object of research the plum of Stanley variety is served. As a result of the conducted research it is revealed that on nutrient mediums where as a growth factor amber acid 4 mg/l was used, the reproduction coefficient for a passage (3,5) is the same, as well as on the medium with standard stimulators - BAP 0,2 mg/l and GA 1,2 mg/l, a little smaller coefficient of reproduction (3,3) - on the medium with potassium succinate. Use of amber acid, potassium succinate and sodium succinate in concentration 4 mg/l considerably reduces the level of micro shoots' chlorosis (by 53,9, 48 and 31,5% respectively), improves their general state (on 1,3; 1,2 and 0,9 points on a five-point scale respectively). The using of amber acid and a sodium succinate 4 mg/l significantly increases the quantity of the formed leaves on microshoots, on 4,1 - 4,4 pieces, in comparison with the standard (BAP 0,2 mg/l and GA 1,2).

Annotation

The purpose of the research was to obtain a preparative form of extractive cell culture "in vitro" of ginseng in the laboratory conditions, as well as in the development of products based on ginseng extracts. In the article the results of own research are used and analytical review of domestic and foreign sources. The work is performed in the laboratory of biotechnology and the center of winemaking of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. The object of research and improvement of methods of production of ginseng has been in vitro culture. In the study the biomaterial of ginseng and extract of roots are used. The research techniques are generally accepted. In the article the useful properties of a ginseng and problems of its cultivation in garden culture are given. The actuality of receiving of its biomass in vitro is specified. The structure of a nutrient medium for cultivation of a ginseng's cellular culture is developed: the macro � and microelements according to Murashige and Skoog, sucrose � 30 mg/l, tiamin-chloride � 1 mg/l, mesoinositol � 80 mg/l, kinetin � 1 mg/l, α-��� � 2 mg/l, iron chelate � 10 mg/l, an agar-agar � 7 mg/l. The ginseng�s biomass cultivation cycle is characterized. The flavouring-aromatic addition of "Zhenshenevaya" is made, its organoleptic and physical and chemical features are given. As one of the ginseng preparations, this addition inherits the characteristics of a ginseng. It possesses the toning property and positively influences on person's condition when a hypotonia, an exhaustion, a neurasthenia, the lowered potentiality. It is a fine adaptogen, which increases the organism resistance to diseases and stresses. On the basis of this addition the unique aerated and not aerated soft drinks, low alcohol and hard drinks as, vodka, balms, liquors are developed.

Annotation

The sterilization of explants is the most important step for the successful plants cultivation in vitro culture. The disinfectant have to neutralize the pathogenic microflora and do not damage of the plant tissues. This article present the assessment of the effectiveness of using the chlorine-containing tablets of the OKA-TAB trademark as an sterilizing substance for the rehabilitation of explants. One tablet of disinfectant contains 1.41-1.87g of active chlorine. For the illustrative treatment 0,5 % solution was used. The exposure time was 5 minutes. The presence of contamination, damage to the plant tissues (necrosis of objects) and the output of viable explants were taken into account. Apexes of SK 7, SK 2, SK 3, M 9, MM-106 apple rootstocks were introduced in vitro culture. Initiation was carried out during the active growth of shoots of apple rootstocks (May-June). Apexes were planted on a nutrient medium culture supplemented with the salts according to the prescription of Murashige and Skoog media (1962): ascorbic acid � 1 mg /l, vitamins of B1, B6 and PP � 0.5 mg /l, mesoinositol � 100 mg /l, sucrose � 30 g and agar-agar � 0,8 %, BAP � 0,4 mg /l. The plants were cultivated with the photoperiod of 16 hours, with air temperature of + 24 � 2 �C and illumination of 2-3 thousand lux. According to the study, it was found out that 0,5 % solution of chlorine-containing tablets at an exposure of 5 minutes had a higher efficiency. The yield of explants was 75-98 % depending on the genotype. Therefore, OKA-TAB tablets could be used for surface treatment of apple rootstock explants during the active period of shoot growth, as an alternative remedy to sublimate (0,1 %).

Annotation

Clonall micro reproduction is widely used in the breeding of fruit and berry crops for reproduction of a small number of genotypes and for a fast receiving a large amount of virus-free material. The object of research is the strawberry apexes from 1 to 3 mm in size and the meristems (0,3 mm) of Klery, Asia, Alba and Marmolada varieties. The influence of some factors of strawberry cultivation at a stage of explants introduction in vitro is revealed in the article. As a result of the carried out research it is established that input in vitro of apexes of 3 mm in size, with the subsequent exarticulation from them of meristems of 0,3 mm in size, increases of explants survival (meristems of 0,3 mm) more than twice (from 25% to 59% on average). It is shown that the efficiency of clonal strawberry micro reproduction is increased on the nutrient mediums containing a complex 6-BAS with IAA in the ratio 1:0,1. This medium provides the high coefficient of reproduction together with high quality of regenerated micro shoots. It is also established that the structure of medium with complex of 6-BAS and detiobiotine causes more intensive growth of shoots and activates of chlorophyll synthesis. The darkening of explants for 8 days at the 1 st passage leads to increase in coefficient of reproduction of Asia strawberry explants from 22,6 to 64,3 at the medium containing 6-BAS without IAA and to increase in coefficient of reproduction from 9,4 to 16,0 of Alba strawberry. In addition in the medium of 0,1 mg/l of IAA the coefficient of reproduction increases from 33,2 to 40,0 at Asia strawberry and from 12,6 to 16,4 at Alba strawberry.