Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The sterilization of explants is the most important step for the successful plants cultivation in vitro culture. The disinfectant have to neutralize the pathogenic microflora and do not damage of the plant tissues. This article present the assessment of the effectiveness of using the chlorine-containing tablets of the OKA-TAB trademark as an sterilizing substance for the rehabilitation of explants. One tablet of disinfectant contains 1.41-1.87g of active chlorine. For the illustrative treatment 0,5 % solution was used. The exposure time was 5 minutes. The presence of contamination, damage to the plant tissues (necrosis of objects) and the output of viable explants were taken into account. Apexes of SK 7, SK 2, SK 3, M 9, MM-106 apple rootstocks were introduced in vitro culture. Initiation was carried out during the active growth of shoots of apple rootstocks (May-June). Apexes were planted on a nutrient medium culture supplemented with the salts according to the prescription of Murashige and Skoog media (1962): ascorbic acid � 1 mg /l, vitamins of B1, B6 and PP � 0.5 mg /l, mesoinositol � 100 mg /l, sucrose � 30 g and agar-agar � 0,8 %, BAP � 0,4 mg /l. The plants were cultivated with the photoperiod of 16 hours, with air temperature of + 24 � 2 �C and illumination of 2-3 thousand lux. According to the study, it was found out that 0,5 % solution of chlorine-containing tablets at an exposure of 5 minutes had a higher efficiency. The yield of explants was 75-98 % depending on the genotype. Therefore, OKA-TAB tablets could be used for surface treatment of apple rootstock explants during the active period of shoot growth, as an alternative remedy to sublimate (0,1 %).

Annotation

The study of the changes in the characteristics of plant tolerance in the process of vegetative reproduction is of considerable interest for fruit crops propagated by bud grafting and other types of grafting and other methods, due to the large economic significance of viral infections. There are many plum varieties manifested the tolerance to infection of plum shark (PPV) virus. These varieties practically do not lose the yield and quality of the fruit in case of PPV infection. It is believed that tolerance can be determined by changes in plant metabolism caused by the penetration and multiplication of viruses. The purpose of this study is to gain the new knowledge about the tolerance of domestic plum-tree to viral infections in order to reveal the regularities of change in susceptibility of plum plants to virus of PPV. This paper presents the results of studying the tolerance of the plum domestic varieties to Sharkey's virus on the criterion �the manifestation of symptomatology� in the leaves of sapling. The urgency of study is determined by the high economic value of Sharkey's virus (PPV) at the cultivation of stone fruit crops. The presence or the absence of the symptomatology of virus infection is the sign of different receptivity of the plum varieties to the infection. The symptoms of contamination in a course of infection are not manifested in the steady varieties, they are manifested in the less steady varieties. As a result of study of the external infection manifestation (simptoms) and diagnostics of virus carrying by the method of PCR-analysis it is found that the part of vegetative posterity of the same varieties � PPV virus carriers have been appeared the signs of infection by Sharkey's plum virus in the form of specific annular patch effect, but the part of the sapling did not appear the infection signs, that also is the peculiarity of different receptivity in the vegetative generation (saplings). This means that the tolerance, as a plant property, is able to change in a course of vegetative reproduction.