Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Shcherbakov Sergei
Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking
Articles in journal: (total 9)
The need to increase the production of resistant to phylloxera high-quality varieties for ensuring the increasing of profitability of vine and winemaking industry is growing now. The results of work of breeding department of the Anapa Experimental Station of Vine growing and Winemaking for improvement of grapes assortment, creating forms steady against a root phylloxera are presented in the article. Degree of stability of the European grapes varieties to a phylloxera in the Anapa region of Krasnodar Region was researched. On a provocative background 300 varieties most extended in the viticulture areas of our country are tested. The varieties of the Black Sea area show the most resistance to phylloxera under these conditions. From the assortment of grapes varieties the Fillokseroustoychivy Dzhemete was allocated who was almost completely steady against a root form of a phylloxera. This variety was served as a parental form of new perspective grapes varieties. The conducted research allowed to allocate from hybrid fund of Anapa Experimental Station the perspective hybrid forms which except the resistance to phylloxera possess the high frost resistance, the long period of planting productivity, the high duality of fruits. The bushes of the allocated grapes hybrids are characterized by the strong growth and good ripening of shoots (70-75%). Average productivity of grapes orchards is 130-140 c/hectare. During research the new hybrid forms consistently were giving a quality harvest and possess a good sugar accumulate. The specified grapes hybrid forms are characterized by high quality of received wine material with an average tasting assessment of 7,8-7,9 points. These forms can be recommended for transfer to the State varieties testing of the Russian Federation with their further reproduction and distribution to all viticulture regions of Russia.
It is established by research, that at the right choice of bushes load the quality of berry juice improves and fructification of grape variety of technical direction Krasnostop AZOS stabilizes
The task of the research was to examine and identify the vegetation characteristics of interspecific grapes hybrids in the year cycle of ontogenesis for their use in breeding and production. Comparative study of interspecific grapes varieties showed that in the year cycle of ontogenesis in the agrical and ecological conditions of the South of Russia the dates of the beginning and duration of phases of their vegetation have a wide range - from early to late timing of maturation. It is shown that the duration of the vegetation period of grapes plants closely based on the biological characteristics of the environment and temperature conditions of growth. On the basis of conducted research the grapes varieties with the shortest growing season (from 140 to 150 days) and with the longer period of growing (from 156 to 168 days) are revealed. It is established that the duration of the growing season varies from year to year in dependence of their reaction on the changing weather conditions. The December, Avgustin and Pervenets of Magarach grapes have the most stable period of vegetation. These varieties are the most resistant to changes under the environmental conditions of growth. The Vostorg, the Original and the Zory of Anapa grapes have the greatest range of variation in the duration of the growing season, depending on weather conditions. These varieties are the most sensitive to the changes under the environmental conditions of growth. The closest correlation of the growing season duration of the most studied grapes varieties is established from the average daily air temperature during the period from bud open to physiological maturity of berries. It is shown, that the correlation between the duration of growing period of grapes plants and sum of active air temperature are average and high.
The results of analysis of buds condition and development of bines of grapevine of varieties and hybrids of AZESV&W breeding after wintering in 2012 are presented in the article