Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the materials of table wines from grape researching varieties of the AZESV&W breeding � Krasnostop Anapskiy and Krasnostop AZOS. In Russia, it is necessary to produce the new brands of wines from local varieties with high quality, hygienic and biological value. For their production, it is necessary to select a grape assortment including the latest achievements of domestic breeding. The red wine enriches the body with useful microelements, vitamins and polyphenolic antioxidants and thereby prevents the beginning and development of many diseases. The number of anthocyanins in wines from Anapa Krasnostops exceeds the data on these components in the control version. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomeric forms in wine materials from the Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapskiy is higher than that of the quality control of red wines of Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in these new grape varieties. During the years of the study, Krasnostop AZOS and Krasnostop Anapskiy received the good indicators on the organoleptic properties of wine materials � 8,79 and 8,74 points. Table wines from Krasnostops have a greater amount of chlorogenic, coffee and gallic acid than ones from Cabernet Sauvignon. In terms of the total amount of biologically active substances, the wine from the Krasnostop AZOS variety exceeds the control sample. According to the amount of aromatic substances from the studied red wines, one can distinguish the Krasnostop AZ-OS with a total concentration of 2343,1 mg / dm3. The maximum content of aromatic alcohols � 88,65 mg / dm3 is noted also in the wine of this variety. Wine sample of Krasnostop AZOS received the maximum in the experience organoleptic evaluation.

Annotation

The article presents research materials on grape must and dry wines from hybrid forms of grapes of the AZESV&W breeding � 62-21, 62-20 and 62-24 (F/U Dzhemete x Cabernet Sauvignon). These hybrids are studied in a hybrid plot to identify a set of economically valuable and adaptively significant traits and properties that exceed the standard varieties. All hybrid forms are of technical direction, medium maturity. Productivity is high, they are tolerant to phylloxera. Grape must and wine from the Cabernet Sauvignon variety were used as controls. The bush management system is a vertical trellis. Formation standard, cordon type "Spiral cordon AZOS-1". The feeding area is 3.5 x 2.0 m. The relief of the plot is gentle, the slope is south-western. As a result of the technochemical analysis of the grape must from the studied hybrids, it was revealed that by the time of harvesting they had accumulated more sugars than the control variety. The titrated acidity of the grape must of the hybrid form 62-20 and control (Cabernet Sauvignon) was significantly higher than in other variants of the experiment. Based on the gluco-acidometric index, the grape must of hybrids 62-21 and 62-24 was the most optimal for obtaining high-quality red wines. All hybrid forms contained more phenolic substances in berries than Cabernet Sauvignon (control). Wine materials from the studied hybrids have a high alcohol content and a reserve of extractive and phenolic substances, which exceeds the control in these parameters. In terms of the total amount of biologically active substances, wine materials from the studied elite hybrid forms are superior to the control sample. As a result of the tasting analysis of wine materials from the studied hybrids, it was revealed that they are not inferior to the control Cabernet Sauvignon, and the forms 62-21 and 62-24 are rated higher than it.

Annotation

It is established that series of grapes Merlot clones show the high production and qualitative potential in the conditions of Anapa-Taman area of Krasnodar region. Clones of grapes Merlot � 348, 349, 519, that are allocated on the basis of stable and high yield of good quality and clone 346, featuring a very good wines quality with suitable technology of processing should be recommended for commercial cultivation in this area

Annotation

Grapes, and then the wine, is a product of the area, and to a higher extent the obtaining the high yields and quality of wine, as well as the formation of individual properties of wine production depends on the complex of numerous factors of the environment of the grapes growth. A grapes can grow on almost all types of soils, except the highly saline and waterlogged soils. In the study of many authors the influence of different types of soils and their properties the growth of a grape plant, the quality of berries and products of their processing is indicated. The article gives a comparative description of two types of soils according to morphological and agrochemical indicators. As a result of study carried out it was established that the agrochemical and agrophysical properties of the studied soils contribute to the favorable growth and development of the grape plant. According to the content of nitrogen and mobile phosphorus, the sod-carbonate soil is the most provided, while the content of organic matter is more in black chernozem. The grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon, grown on chernozem ordinary is a higher yielding (100.6 c / ha), compared to sod-carbonate soil. However, the grapes grown on soddy-carbonate soil had the higher rates of sugar accumulation and a lower level of acidity in the juice of berries. Also the date are given in the article on the growth, development and fruit bearing of the grape plant on the studied soils and the influence of the soil component the wine quality. A tasting evaluation of the wine materials examined showed that the most balanced organoleptic characteristics was a sample of young wine obtained from a plot of sod-carbonate soil. The highest content of phenolic substances and the largest mass concentration of anthocyanins are also noted in the sample obtained from sod-carbonate soil.

Annotation

The influence of the characteristics of new varieties and hybrids based on Krasnostop Anapskiy variety on the quality of grapes and chemical and technological parameters, and taste characteristics of wine products was studied in the experiment. The author in the article presents research materials on must and dry wine materials from hybrid varieties and forms of crossed pairs of grapes (F/U �Dzhemete� x Krasnostop Anapskiy) bred at the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Wine-making. All new varieties and hybrid forms of a technical direction, average term of maturing. Productivity is high, they are tolerant to phylloxera. The must and wine material from the Krasnostop Anapskiy variety was used as a control. Place of laying the experiment is Anapa, Krasnodar region, Anapa ampelographic collection. Pruning of vineyards is �Spiral cordon AZOS-1�. The feeding area is 3.5 x 2.0 m. As a result of the analysis of fresh grapes from the studied varieties and hybrids, it was revealed that all the studied varieties and hybrids, with the exception of the 59-60 form, accumulated a fairly high amount of sugars � 19.9-22.9 g/100 cm3 . The must of Krasnostop AZOS and Kubanets varieties and 59-24 form had a concentration of phenolic compounds significantly higher than the control. The most optimal in terms of glucoacidometric index was the mustof the control variety Krasnostop Anapskiy and 59-49 and 59-24 forms. The wine materials of most of the studied varieties and hybrids were not inferior to the control in terms of alcohol concentration. The highest concentration of substances of the polyphenol group was found in wines from the hybrid 59-24 and from the Krasnostop AZOS and Kubanets varieties. Coloring anthocyanin substances in the highest concentration were found in the studied wine materials from hybrid grapes 59-24 and 59-60, as well as from the Krasnostop AZOS variety. The tasting analysis showed that the wines from the studied hybrids and varieties are not inferior or superior in organoleptic parameters to the control variety Krasnostop Anapskiy.