Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Optimization of vine cultivars� assortment in accordance with the requirements of the time is one of the most important factor in the development and stabilization of the wine growing industry. The modern assortment of industrial viticulture must confirm to various market needs and presents the varieties with high level of productivity, quality, manufacturability and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The purpose of research is to study the physical-chemical and biochemical composition of grapes and wine from prospective grapes varieties of Serbian selection and their characteristics according to the main assessment indicators, to create the new quality wines. The results of study of new resistant varieties of Bachka, Petra, Petka, Panonia, Cosmopolita, Morava of Serbian breeding, cultivated under the conditions of Anapa ampelographic collection are presented in the article. The largest harvest of grapes were obtained in the experience on the varieties of Cosmopolita and Petra. The wine from grapes Petra stands out among the studied samples of wine materials from studied grapes varieties in the total accumulation of aromatic substances � 623,96 mg/dm3. The highest testing score was for experiental wine from the Serbian grapes of Bachka and a Cosmopolita. As the result of research, it was revealed that cultivars of Cosmopolita, Petra, Bachka and Panonia are promising for the Russian wine-making and grapevine-growing industry. These varieties give a high yield of good quality and they can be recommended for growing in the soil-climatic conditions Anapa-Taman zone. These grapes varieties also can be used as sources of useful economical-breeding traits � of yields, wine quality and resistance to unfavorable environmental factors, and that will expand the range of wine products and the boundaries of stable grapes production in the Krasnodar Region.

Annotation

Now the aboriginal grape varieties become more and more popular in the world. In the Russia and abroad there is growing the interest in Krasnostops � the high-quality autochthonous red grapes varieties of technical use. Anapa Zonal Experimental Station for Viticulture and Wine-making has been engaged in the study, breeding and introduction of quality technical grapes varieties in the production for many years, as well as the creation of competitive local wines characterized by high consumer properties as Krasnostop Anapskiy and Krasnostop Azos. The article presents the materials of long-term research of agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of the technical grapes varieties of Anapa Experimental Station breeding � Krasnostop Anapskiy and Krasnostop Azos. The research is aimed at revealing possibilities to increase in adaptive and productive potential of the studied varieties for their introduction in production in order to intensify the domestic viticulture and wine-making. The results of carried out analysis show that the amount of anthocyanins and sum of phenolic substances in the Krasnostops wine materials from Anapa exceeds the data for these components in the control variants. In the years of research, the Krasnostop Azos and Krasnostop Anapskiy had good indicators of wine material organoleptic properties � 8.78 and 8.73 points. They have a large capacity of coloring, extractive and phenolic substances and the wine brands developed on their basis will replenish a number of high-quality table and liqueur red wines on the Russian market. These grapes varieties have high potential and great prospects of using them in wine-making, and it allows us to recommend these varieties for large introduction into production in the Southern wine-growing regions of Russia

Annotation

Varietal characteristics and soil-ecological conditions, i.e. the place of growth, have the greatest influence on the quality indicators of grapes. For their widespread introduction into industrial viticulture, not only an agrobiological assessment is necessary, but also a technological one. In this regard, the purpose of the research was comprehensive study of wine materials from the distinguished grape varieties of the Anapa ampelographic collection. The conducted researches have revealed a number of promising red technical grape varieties with useful host-biological and technological features that are resistant to environmental factors. It has been established that AZESV&W breeding varieties (Merlot AZOS, Kubanets, Lazurnyi, Saturn, Krasnostop AZOS, Krasnostop anapskiy, Dostoynyi) accumulate in their composition a sufficient amount of sugars for the preparation of both table and liqueur wines. A large number of phenolic substances have been identified in their composition, which provide a stable color of wine during storage, and also have a high biological value due to the high accumulation of trans-resveratrol, vitamins and phenol-carboxylic acids. Wine materials from the studied grape varieties have excellent organoleptic properties, have a high tasting score and have been repeatedly awarded international and Russian wine competitions. Some of them suitable for being aged. Table red wines made from grape varieties of the AZESV&W breeding are not inferior to wine materials from the classic Cabernet Sauvignon variety in terms of the content of biologically active substances, organoleptic evaluation and are of high and stable quality. They are recommended for the production of high-quality tables, and in years favorable for sugar production and for the preparation of liqueur wines. Some wines made from varieties of AZESV&W breeding have been repeatedly awarded gold and silver medals at Russian and international tasting competitions.

Annotation

At the moment, there are no systematic scientific conclusions in Russia about the mechanisms of the impact of preparations of various forms of non-root action on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of grapes and wine products obtained from plots of different levels of fertility. The article presents the results of many years of research on the study of the effect of non-root preparations of different composition and system of action on the grape plant. The main attention, along with the yield capacity, was paid to the quality and organoleptic value of wine products from poor soil areas during the study of the technical grape variety Chardonnay. The objects of research were grapes and wine of Chardonnay variety from variants of treatment with non-root preparations (Gumel Lux, Filloton, Agrumax). The experiment of studying the effect of foliar dressings on the productivity of a grape plant and the quality of wine was established in the Anapa region on vine plantations grafted onto a Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock planted in 2006 according to a 3x1.5 m scheme, the formation was a bilateral cordon Kazenava. Research results 2019-2021 showed that the treatment of grape bushes growing on conditionally suitable soil with the studied foliar preparations had a positive effect on the yield capacity and technological qualities of grapes of the Chardonnay variety. The best result in terms of yield capaciry was given by the variants treated with Agrumax and Gumel Lux � 9.7 and 9.4 kg/plant, respectively. The most extractive in the experiment proved to be wine materials from variants with treatment of Gumel Lux and Phylloton, which affected the taste of these samples. In terms of organoleptic parameters, in the year of the study, the variant of wine material from grapes treated with Gumel Lux proved to be the best.

Annotation

Now, there is no systematic scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of specific agrochemical preparations influence the qualitative and quantitative indicators of grapes and wine products obtained from areas with high rockiness, salinity and low level of soil fertility. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of various non-root products the quality and biological value of wine products from infertile soil. The objects of research were grapes of varying degrees of bush suppression and Chardonnay wine with treatment of non-root preparations (Gumel Lux, Phylloton, Agrumax). The experience of studying the influence of foliar top dressing the productivity of a grape plant and the wine quality was laid in the Anapa Region on grape plantings grafted on Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock, 2006 planting, scheme of a 3x1.5, formation of two-armed cordon Cazenava. The results of studies in 2019 showed that the treatment of bushes growing on conditionally suitable soil with the studied non-root preparations had a positive effect on the yield and technological quality of Chardonnay grapes. Variants of normally developed bushes treated with Agrumax and Phylloton � 9.2 and 8.1 kg/bush, respectively, showed the best yield results. The most extractive in the experiment proved to be the wine materials with bush`s treatment of Gumel Lux, which affected the taste of these samples. In terms of organoleptic parameters, in the year of the study, the wine material from grapes processed with the Gumel Lux proved to be the best. In the experiment, there is a tendency to increase the organoleptic evaluation of white wine as the concentration of malic acid decreases. So, wine materials from Gumel Lux processing grapes were most highly rated, where the amount of malic acid was minimal � 2.1-2.2 g / dm3.