Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

At the moment, there is no systemic scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of the influence of the grafted culture on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of grapes and wine production. Establishing the regularities of the influence of various norms of the grape bush load in own-rooted and grafted culture on the grape quality, as well as the aesthetic and biological value of wine products in conditions of terroir changing biotic properties, is very relevant at the current stage of development of the wine-making industry in Russia. The objects of research were grapes and wine material of the Krasnostop AZOS variety in grafted and own-rooted culture with variants of different shoot load on the bush. The experiment of studying the influence of various agrotechnical methods on the productivity of a grape plant and the quality of wine material was laid in the Anapo-Taman climatic zone of the Krasnodar region of Russia. The highest yield of the Krasnostop AZOS variety during the years of the study was obtained in the variant of own-rooted grape growing with its load of 36-40 shoots per bush. In our studies, there is a tendency to an in-crease in grape sugar content and a maintenance of the titratable acidity when the Krasnostop AZOS variety is growing on vineyards in own-rooted culture. The most optimal ratio of sugar content and titratable acidity in the experiment was possessed by grapes from a variant of own-rooted culture with a load of 36-40 shoots per bush � the glucoacedometric indicator was 4.36. In the studied variants, the largest number of phenolic substances was found in wine material from own-rooted grapes with a load of 36-40 shoots per bush � 4130 mg/dm3 . This had a positive effect on the organoleptic evaluation of this sample. The largest total amoun of biologically active substances in the studied samples was found in wine materials from grapes in a grafted culture (134.9-147.9 mg/dm3 ). During the years of study, wine materials from grapes of own-rooted culture proved to be of the highest quality. This advantage over the grafted crop was traced in all variants of rationing the shoot load of grape bushes.

Annotation

Now in Russia the overproduction of red wines is noted, so the attempts to reduce the production of red wines towards increase the production of white wines are made. For create of new plantings of white grapes the old assortment is used, but it was strongly damaged in extreme 2005-2006. The purpose of research is study of economic and valuable traits, the technological and other indicators of new white grapes varieties. The integrated assessment of their varieties is given and the most perspective varieties for replenishment of modern assortment are allocated. The results of long-term study of new grapes varieties which is carried out at the Anapa Experimental Station of Vine growing and Winemaking during the period from 2006 to 2013 are presented in the article. It is established that average productivity of studied new grapes varieties is higher on 39-123 c/hectare, than zoned Aligote variety. During 2011-2013 this difference was 35,1-60,9 c/hectare. A number of perspective white technical grapes are revealed. These varieties have stability to adverse ecological factors of the environment and at the same time they are capable to give the high-quality wines. It is offered to use the technical grapes varieties � Arabushlo, Bakator white, Zolotaya osen, Polyuks in the industrial purposes and in the breeding work as donors of frost resistance, drought resistance and quality of wine. Use of these varieties will expand the borders of steady production of grapes in the region. The result of study of new grapes varieties of the technological direction is the quality of created wines: all experimental wine materials received the higher tasting estimates, than the wines made from control varieties.

Annotation

The European grapes varieties making the main source of raw materials of our wine-making have a number of qualitative merits in the ready wines, but they also have the demerits in productivity and resistance under our climatic conditions of cultivation. For a laying of new plantings of white grapes varieties the old assortment is used, which in the extreme winters of 2005-2006 was heavy damaged. The purpose of our research is study of physical and chemical and biochemical composition of wine materials and wines from perspective grapes varieties. Their characteristic on the main estimated indicators will allow to create the whole series of new qualitative wines. The results of long-term study of new high-adaptive grapes varieties are presented in this article. The research is carried out at the Anapa's Experimental Zonal Station of Wine growing and Winemaking for the period from 2001 to 2013, the research allowed to reveal a number of perspective white technical varieties which are resistant to adverse ecological factors of environment and capable to give the high-quality wines. On the basis of organoleptic properties the wine materials from grapes Varvarovskiy, Zolotaya Osen, Bokator (7,85 points); AZOS Riesling (7,83 points); Arabushlo (7,8 points) and Aligote's control (7,78 points) were recognized as the best samples. On physical and chemical indicators all studied wine materials are corresponded to requirements of GOST. On total accumulation of biologically active agents the wine material from grapes of Mtsvane Kakhetinskiy (47,6 mg/dm3) was selected. Based on the results of the long-term research carried out by us the conclusion is made that the selected grapes varieties should be allowed for use in the industrial application and also for widely use in the breeding work as donors of frost resistance, drought resistance and wine quality that will expand the borders of steady grapes production in the region.

Annotation

Currently, domestic grape varieties are gaining more and more popularity in the world. And rosé wines are increasing their market share every year. At the beginning of 2022, Roskachestvo awarded the first place in the rating of rosé table wines to the dry rosé �Krasnostop anapskiy 2020�. The object of the research was wines from grape varieties Krasnostop anapskiy and Krasnostop AZOS, grown in the Anapa ampelocollection. The classic grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon was used as a control. The article presents materials on the history of creation and agrobiological, technological and economic indicators of the grape variety of the Anapskaya ZESV&W breeding � Krasnostop Anapskiy. The amount of anthocyanins in wine materials from Krasnostop varieties of Anapa exceeds the data on these components in the control variant. The mass concentration of phenolic substances and their monomeric forms in the wine materials of the Krasnostop anapskiy grape varieties is higher than in the quality control of red wines � Cabernet Sauvignon, which indicates a high accumulation of phenolic substances in this grape variety. Krasnostop anapskiy and Krasnostop AZOS on the organoleptic properties of wine materials received good results � 8.79 and 8.78 points. From 1968 to the present day, wines of various types and styles from Krasnostop anapskiy, produced by AZESV&W winemakers, have received more than 10 awards at various levels at the most prestigious international exhibitions and competitions. This grape variety has high potential and great prospects in light of the global trend of its use in winemaking.

Annotation

A modern assortment of technical grapes should be formed take into account the correspondence of the genetic potential of cultivars with terroir of cultivation, and the changing biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Climatic changes observed in recent decades are global in nature and have a significant impact the processes occurring in the biosphere. The weather conditions in 2018 had significant differences in temperature and water regimes from long-term average values, which made it possible to identify the biological characteristics of the adaptation of the studied red grape varieties to prevailing abiotic conditions, as well as to evaluate the organoleptic, physical and chemical, and biochemical properties of the wine materials from these varieties. In terms of the number of anthocyanins and the content of phenolic substances, the wine materials of the studied varieties of AZES breeding surpass the control variant. The largest number of anthocyanins was found in wine material from Krasnostop AZOS grapes � 1050 mg / dm3. In the wine material of the Cabernet AZOS, it was found � 606 mg / dm3 in comparison with the Cabernet Sauvignon control � 467 mg / dm3. There was no mathematically proven effect of the concentration of these substances the quality of wine in the experiment. The correlation coefficient between the content of phenolic substances and anthocyanins and the qualitative assessment of the studied table red wines was r = 0,14 and r = 0,17, respectively. In the experiment, the amount of extract given is statistically significantly correlated with the quality of red wine. As a result of mathematical processing of the data obtained during the research, the correlation coefficient between the content of sugarless extract and the qualitative assessment of table red wines was r = 0,68. According to the results of studies, it was found that wine materials prepared from grape varieties of the AZES breeding are not worse than the control of Cabernet Sauvignon according to organoleptic characteristics.