Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents an overview of the current state and the degree of implementation of digital technologies in the food production from vegetable raw materials, allowing to provide a product of a given chemical composition required man under the unfavorable environmental conditions. The computerization of the technological process initiated the creation of industrial robots that make easy a manual human labor and ensure the effectiveness of the management of food personification. The adaptation of robots for processing industries is based on the creation of a mathematical algorithm for performing the required technological operation. The article presents the scientific areas in which the digitalization of the technological process gave a powerful impetus to the breakthrough, first of all, it is additive technologies and, above all, 3D printing of food. The methods and ways of food printing from the point of view of the possibility of individualization of the diet for certain groups of the population. The technological criterions for the suitability of plant row materials in the application of digital technologies in the food production are revealed. It is noted that for the �printing� of the product is suitable the raw material of soft, easily deformable texture, passing in varying degrees of hardening, steadily preserving the shape of the product. The biologically valuable plant raw material rich in natural polymer hydrocolloids, providing homogenization of raw materials to greasing consistency is effective. From fruit and berry raw materials are technologically suitable for 3-D product the fruits and berries, characterized by a high content of natural dietary fibers, which include hemicellulose, gums and pectin substances. It is noted that the informatization of food technology has helped to link the process of creating a product with mathematical methods of identification and prediction of food quality. The solutions for the informatization of product formulations are presented, based on the use of databases of long-term studies of the chemical composition of fruits and berries associated in the system of balance equations, that allow to individual correct the composition of food.

Annotation

Improving the adequacy of forecasts in solving agro-technological problems is carried out through the use of information technology. The empirical information about the object of study is formed by creating the simulation models using computers. In the process of solving the agrotechnological problems, it allows us to analyze the complex systems under the conditions of high dimensionality and incomplete information of their structure. Structured simulation systems include the files with an analytical description of the object, the blocks of expert assessments, simulation and processing of a calculation experiment results (of field experiment). The model relevance increases with the use of the network version of the data�s set organized according to certain rules. The assessment of agrochemical factors of garden soil fertility on the effectiveness of soil resources using by perennial fruit plants, the dynamics of mineral elements and metabolites in the leaves is based on the methodology for collecting and analyzing the information using a database obtained in field experiments with fertilizer over the past decade. We have implemented the task of forming the database structure in accordance with the program for studying the effectiveness of fertilizer in the orchard. For storage and analytical processing using the microsoft office excel program, the results of observations, laboratory studies of soil and plants, and also weather data are formalized. The conceptual model of the database is presented, which consists of five blocks: the history of the experiment, the archive of meteorological data, the data of biological indexes and observations, the data of chemical soil analyzes, and the chemical composition of indicating organs (leaves) and fruits. A database structured by this way allows you to optimize the mathematical processing of digital material, as well as quantify the effect of fertilizers the productivity and functional activity of fruit crops, exercise the mathematical modeling, the dispersion and correlation and regression analysis.

Annotation

A special place among the fruit and berry crops growing in the south of Russia is rightfully occupied by sea buckthorn, which has exceptional nutritional properties. The fruits of the sea buckthorn are a valuable source of biologically active substances. Due to the presence of vitamins, phenolic compounds and organic acids, it is classified as adaptogenic agents with pronounced antioxidant and anti-stress properties that normalize metabolic processes in the human body. Sea buckthorn juice increases antioxidant properties, the level of testosterone and hemoglobin in the blood. The fruits of the sea buckthorn are most often consumed in processed form. In recent years, sea buckthorn juices and their blends are very popular among the population, according to statistics. For the processing of sea buckthorn fruits, it is necessary to use enzyme preparations to intensify technological processes that contribute to the destruction of polysaccharides and biotransformation of biologically active substances. The effect of the enzyme preparation Trenolin Opti DF on the chemical quality indicators of juice from sea buckthorn fruits was investigated in the laboratory of storage and processing of fruits and berries. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the juice yield and the height of the plant sediment was established. As a result of the experiments, the yield of biologically active substances was determined: vitamins C, P, E, polyphenols. It was found that it increased by 8-17 % after enzymatic hydrolysis with Trenolin Opti DF. Data on the content of the fractional composition of sugars were obtained. It was found that the yield of glucose and sucrose increased by more than 10%. Sea buckthorn varieties Donchanka, Moryachka and Syurpriz Baltiki, growing in the south of Russia, were selected for laboratory research.

Annotation

Composition and properties of pectin's depend on the mode of sedimentation. For optimization of technology of pectin electric sedimentation we studied the kinetics of electric coagulation of pectin macromolecules in the pulsed rotating electric field. A definition of the threshold of electric coagulation depending on the parameters of the electric field and other technological regimes. The following parameters were measured: the voltage on electrodes, the current density and pulse frequency of rotating electric field. It is established that the intensity of sedimentation process increases linearly when the current density increases. The threshold of electric coagulation depending on the pectin concentration in the solution is defined. The process of coagulation occurs the most intensively in the pectin extracts with above 1,5% concentration, this process occurs the least intensively if the concentration is 1.0%. The results of research showed that if the temperature of the initial model solution is higher, the velocity of coagulation is higher too. It is shown that the optimal temperature of solution is 23�. It is established that the beginning of pectin coagulation in the solutions with its low concentration requires of creation of a higher field voltage and on the contrary. The kinetics of the process of electric flocculation is carried out. The results of study showed that the duration of the process of electric coagulation-flocculation of pectin substances is 60 minutes. It is established that pectin going out increases and reaches its maximum at the frequency of the pulses of rotating electric field of 25 kHz, then it begins to decrease. The use of the established regularities and technological modes permitted to receive the pectin with high ability to form the complexes. On the results of research the improved technology for the pectin production using on the phase of sedimentation the method of coagulation in the pulsed rotating electric field is developed.

Annotation

This article present the assessment of competitiveness of scientific results in the field of intensive gardening, carried out for the last 15 years in the research of scientific-gardener of FSBSI NCFSCHVW � the followers of the founder of the intensive gardening, scientific school of Gavriil Vladimirovich Trusevich, Dr Sci. Agr., Proffessor, Honored Active Scientist of Russian Federation. The results of scientific and technical activity, which is characterized by technical solutions for modern fruit growing, is considered in the context of an intellectual product, from point of view of its technological and economic parameters that determine the criterions for competitiveness. This analysis is presented in the context of the conditions determined patentability, which is one of the ways to confirm a copyright and commercialize the developed technologies, by the way of further concluding licenses for the use of these technologies. The basis of elaborates is the received technical solutions to the problems of intensification of fruit production technologies, the level of their licensing and involvement them in economic activities. The possibility and necessity of involving the intellectual property objects in economic turnover is considered also as a driving force to increase in competition for the market of the scientific products. This article presents the most significant developments, first of all, reflecting the achievements in partial of the main technological elements of modern apple production � the leading fruit crop in the South of Russia, which include: selection and introduction of high-yielding varieties and the rootstocks reduced a growth vigor; the techniques of compact trees placing per unit of production area and the formation of low-volume crowns. The economic efficiency of developments confirmed by the acts of implementation in the advanced fruit-growing enterprises of the region is reflected also. The research results obtained will allow us to improve the effectiveness of scientific and technical activity management of the FSBSI NCFCHVW, to identify the vector preferred of the scientific school development for the intensification and improvement of the horticulture industry technological structure.