Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Control of varietal purity of planting material is a significant factor affecting the productivity of horticultural farms. SCoT markers (Start Codon Targeted) can be attributed to modern methods for monitoring the varietal purity of seedlings of fruit crops, which have the prospect of being introduced into wide practice. In this connection, based on the prospects of using SCoT markers in the identification of plant material, work was carried out to select effective combinations of SCoT markers. An approach based on the creation of markers from two SCoT primers was used to increase the number of possible marking options. The aim of this work was to select combinations of SCoT mark-ers that are promising for apple DNA fingerprinting, which in the future will allow the best combinations to be used in the identification of planting material. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of combinations of SCoT-markers to identify representatives of the genus Malus. The 18 SCoT markers were grouped into 68 combinations based on the preliminary assessment. The selection of effective combinations of markers was carried out according to a number of necessary criteria, such as the high quality of DNA finger-prints and a significant number of polymor-phic amplified DNA fragments. These characteristics are especially significant in the genetic assessment of closely related genotypes. The requirements for the quality of DNA fingerprints increase significantly, due to the large number of identical DNA fragments. About 45 % of the combinations were successful and were selected for fur-ther work as promising. The approbation carried out in the work made it possible to identify promising markers among 68 used ones. Selected DNA markers can be useful in a variety of areas, including the genetic identification of accessions, the analysis of the genetic homogeneity of plants obtained through micropropagation, as well as for performing research on the study of the genetic relationships of accessions.

Annotation

The studies were carried out in accordance with the programs and methods of breeding and variety study generally accepted and developed at the FSBSI NCFSCHVW in the Center for Collective Use �Research and Breeding Collection of Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops� (CCU RBC GRHC). The objects of research are varieties and forms of apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) of different ploidy and genetic origin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the allelic polymorphism of microsatellite sequences in the genome of collection specimens of the genus Malus Mill. as a starting material for further breeding. Genotyping of 48 apple varieties (of which: 44 diploids and 4 triploids) of the genetic collection of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW was carried out using 12 SSR markers: CH04c07, GD12, CH03d07, CH02C09, CH01h10, GD96, CH04e05, GD100, Hi02c07, GD147, CH01f02, CH02c11. Markers have been established that have: the largest number of alleles � GD12 (18 alleles); the smallest number of alleles � CH01h10 and Hi02c07 (10 alleles); the largest number of effective alleles � CH01f02 (9.018) and CH02c11 (9.366); the smallest number of effective alleles � CH01h10 (3.499). According to the diversity index, loci CH01f02 and CH02c11 were identified as having the highest allelic polymorphism. The grouping of the studied 48 apple varieties was performed based on the results of genotyping for the two most informative markers (CH01a02 and CH02c11) and cluster analysis. The highest average allele length (2480.40) is in the varieties included in the third cluster, then in the second cluster (1019.66), in the fourth cluster (819.65) and in the first cluster (603.28). 4 groups consisting of 7, 3, 22 and 16 varieties, respectively, were formed according to the average length of alleles. The results of the analysis of this sample of apple varieties are important for solving the problems of structuring the gene pool and further breeding studies.