Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the unstable conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Anapa-Taman zone, the expansion of the assortment of cultivated grape varieties is very relevant, and allows coping with the annual growing demand for high-quality technical grape varieties for the production of high-quality grape and wine products, at the lowest cost. Thus, our attention was drawn to the Greek interspecific varieties bred jointly with Russian scientists. The article presents the results of economically valuable traits of grape varieties of Greek breeding with colored juice and pulp of the technical direction, laid down by own-rooted seedlings in the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. During the period of research following studies were conducted: phenological observations of the studied varieties; agrobiological characteristic; qualitative indicators of berries juice of the studied varieties. When analyzing the data, it was noted that the studied varieties exceed control variety Saperavi in the main indicators. For example, the Academik Trubilin variety has a yield capacity index in c/ ha � 58,8-66,6 c/ha, the Traminer chernyi variety � 146,6-149,0 c/ha, which is significantly higher than the index of control variety Saperavi � 44,0-46,6 c/ha. According to the qualitative composition of berry juice, it was revealed that the sugar content and titrated acidity of the studied varieties is higher than that of the control variety. For example, the sugar content of berry juice of the Akademik Trubilin variety is 21.2-22.5 g/100 cm3 , and the acidity is 6.5 g/l. The indicators of the Traminer chernyi variety are slightly inferior to the previous one, the sugar content of berry juice is 20.8-21.0 g/100 cm3 , the acidity according to the glucometric indicator exceeds the norm and is 7.2-7.5 g/l. The sugar content of berry juice of the Saperavi variety is 20.5 g/100 cm3 , the titrated acidity is close to the Traminer chernyi variety and is 7.5 g/l.

Annotation

This article presents the results of research breeding work carried out in 2022. As a result, 300 seedlings were obtained, which are currently planted in a permanent place on a hybrid plot. 20 combinations of crosses were carried out, ten of which were made to obtain new high-quality technical varieties with high quality of final products and resistant to the main biotic and abiotic stressors. Ten more combinations were carried out in order to obtain high-quality large-berry a nd seedless table varieties with an early ripening period. As a result of crosses, 4,500 seeds were obtained. 3 hybrid forms of grapes of average ripening period, average growth strength, high-yielding and tolerant to phylloxera have been allocated to the elite. As a result of the mechanical analysis, it was found that the studied hybrids are slightly superior in the mechanical composition of the bunches to the control variety. As a result of chemical analysis, it was found that elite hybrid forms have high sugar accumulation and optimal acidity compared to the control variety, as well as a high content of phenolic substances along with a low presence of nitrogenous substances in the must. These hybrids are promising for further study. In 2022, technical grape varieties Varvarovskiy and Garmoniya were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation approved for use. In addition, 5 sources of valuable traits were identified among grape varieties, including: large�berry � 2 varieties � Yubiley Moldavii and Kobzar, and seedless � 3 varieties - Ruby Sedlless, Assol and Lotos. Some of them were used in crosses to create new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes, providing increased stability of agrocenosis and stability of fruiting.