Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Control and prevention of plant Diseases is one of the main tasks in agriculture. This is due to the fact that such diseases can lead to significant economic losses. The article considers the most well-known in the international market preparations and methods of plant protection using the mechanism of induced resistance. To this end, a review of the research literature was conducted, biopesticides registered in the United States, Europe and a number of other countries were studied, and a patent search was carried out in international databases of patent documentation. It has been established that in recent years a significant amount of work has been done in the field of studying the ability of various substances and bioagents to induce plant resistance to diseases. It is concluded that the continuation of research in this area is relevant and of interest, including as a basis for developing innovative technologies for storing plant products.

Annotation

The losses of crop production during storage depend on variety characteristics, the system of protection against vermins and diseases, terms and methods of harvesting, commodity processing and storage preparation methods and are associated with physiological, biochemical and microbiological processes occurring during storage. In connection with this, the current direction of research is the development, modification and improvement of methods for managing the biochemical and microbiological processes of long-term storage of crop production. Research has been carried out in the field of biological control of phytopathogens � causative agents of carrot diseases using strains of Bacillus subtilis. It is shown that the most active in relation to the test set of pathogens characteristic for carrots in vitro experiments were strains of Bacillus subtilis IPM 215 and VKM B-2605D. The dynamics of populations of phytopathogens and antagonist strains in the sections of carrot roots was studied. It is revealed that the rate of growth of the Bacillus subtilis population in the first stage of storage exceeds the growth rate of the populations Alternaria radicina and Erwinia carotovora. After three days of storage, the growth dynamics of Bacillus subtilis decreases, which indicates the expediency of processing root crops with Bacillus subtilis preparations, which, due to more intensive growth, creates the competition in the struggle for nutrients during the first stage of storage. In addition, the products of the life of Bacillus subtilis are effective inhibitors of phytopathogens. As a result of carried out research it is established that the treatment of root crops of Bacillus subtilis influences the degree of development of diseases caused by Alternaria radicina and Erwinia carotovora that allows to consider the studied strains of Bacillus subtilis as promising for the biological control of diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms during storage of root crops of carrots.

Annotation

The main results of scientific research of the Krasnodar Research Institute of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products � branch of the North Caucasian Federal Research Center of Horticulture, Wine-Making, Winemaking, obtained in 2021 by scientists of the Institute in the performance of the state task in 5 scientific areas within the framework of the implementation of 2 complex topics, as well as data reflecting publication effectiveness and patent-licensing activity are presented. The research work was carried out in accordance with the PFSR in the Russian Federation for the long-term period (2021-2030) in the direction of: 4.4.1 Storage and processing of agricultural products. Ensuring the priorities of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long-term period (2021-2030) provides for the need for scientific research, the purpose of which is to identify patterns of controlled transformation of plant raw materials by a complex of chemical and biotechnological methods in order to develop technological processes of its deep processing and obtaining food systems the specified consumer and functional properties, as well as scientific research, aimed at developing algorithms and tools for managing the processes of increasing the storage capacity of root and cabbage vegetables, strawberries and grapes during storage, caused by technological factors and product features. The results of scientific research have been published in journals � 68 scientific articles, among them in journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation � 33 articles, of which in journals included in the core of the RSCI � 15 articles, in journals indexed in the international information and analytical citation system Scopus � 9 articles. 25 articles have been published in the materials and collections of International Scientific and Practical Con-ferences. As a result of the conducted sci-entific research, 3 patents for inventions, 1 patent for a utility model and 5 certificates of registration of computer programs were obtained, as well as 6 applications for alleged inventions were submitted to the FIIP.

Annotation

When developing new biotechnological solutions for the agro-industrial complex, one of the key problems is the preservation of the viability of microorganisms � producers of biologically active substances. Drying is the main method for stabilizing microorganisms. During the drying process, cells are exposed to damaging stress factors that reduce their viability. Projective environments protect cells from stressors. Microorganisms belonging to unstable species, when dried without the use of protective media, are subject to significant changes, accompanied not only by the loss of viability, but also by the destruction of their cellular structure. In this regard, in the course of the study, the optimal drying mode was selected, which provides for intensive moisture removal at the very beginning of drying and warming up to a temperature not higher than + 32-35 ºC throughout the entire drying time. It should be noted that the entire drying process should take no more than 30 minutes, since when drying microorganisms by the second mode with a drying duration of 37 minutes, the number of dead cells was slightly higher than with drying by the first mode. Also, during the study, a protective environment was selected, consisting of 1 % gelatin, 5 % sodium glutamate and 5 % sucrose, which showed the best results as protection of the cells of the consortium under study from the damaging drying factor and subsequent rehydration. Also, when using this protective environment, the moisture content of the consortium under study was the lowest among the selected drying options.

Annotation

The main results of scientific research of the Krasnodar research Institute of storage and processing of agricultural products � branch of the FSBSI �North Caucasian Federal scientific center of horticulture, viticulture, winemaking�, obtained in 2023 by scientists of the Institute in the implementation of the State order in 4 areas of scientific research, as well as data reflected the publication fecundity and patent activity. Research work was carried out in accordance with the PFSR in the Russian Federation for a long-term period (2021-2030) in the direction: 4.4.1 Storage and processing of agricultural products. Ensuring the priorities of the PFSR in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030) provides for the need to conduct scientific research, the purpose of which is to develop algorithms for predicting the properties of biologically active substances based on molecular modeling methods, to identify patterns of controlled transformation of dietary fiber complexes, phospholipids and carotenoids using biotechnological and physico-chemical methods and, based on the identified patterns, to develop technologies for the production of beet pectin, modified phospholipids, lycopene and beta-carotene, as well as scientific research, aimed at identifying the mechanisms of microbiological, physiological, physico-chemical and biotechnological processes occurring in preparation for storage, storage and processing of vegetables (zucchini, eggplant, carrots and beets, tomatoes, leafy and cabbage vegetables), fruits (apples, grapes), for the development of resource-saving storage technologies based on the identified patterns. The results of scientific research have been published in 35 scientific articles, among them 11 articles in journals included in the core of the RSCI, in journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation � 9 articles, in journals indexed in the international information and analytical citation systems Scopus � 3 articles, in materials and collections of scientific and practical conferences � 12 articles. 1 methodological recommendations have been published. Comprehensive score of publication performance: plan � 9.6, fact � 14.4. According to the results of the scientific research carried out, 6 patents of the Russian Federation for inventions were obtained and 2 certificates for computer programs, as well as 6 applications for alleged inventions were submitted to the FIIP.