Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Sergeeva Natalya
Articles in journal: (total 26)
In the article the results of the strawberries vegetative reproduction in the two soil-and-climatic zones are given: in the Krasnodar region and Belarus.
The purpose of research is development of scientific based system of processing methods of plum cultivation with steady big harvest on different rootstocks for intensive technologies that is the important instrument of import substitution; selection of optimal systems of crown formation for the concrete scion-rootstock's combinations that allows you to reduce the labor input of works, this system reduces the costs of harvesting and positively influences on the maximal realization of biological potential of plants. For conditions of the South of Russia the system of effective processing methods of industrial plum production on weak growing and middle growing rootstocks within the implementation of the Doctrine of food security of Russia is developed and approved. In research the rootstocks which are the most demanded in the South of Russia, including the new domestic breeding clonal rootstocks of BS-2 (VIR Krymsk station) and PKG-25-1 (NCRRIH&V) are used. In the course of four years' work the most rational parameters are determined and also the system of crown formation of trees of various growth force providing the optimization of physiological condition of plants. The responsiveness of various scion-rootstock's plum combinations of Stenly on intra soil and leaf top dressing is studied, the scheme of measures for protection of plants against vermins and diseases is offered. Efficiency of the offered system of processing methods is confirmed with increase in productivity of plantings on average for 2,7-4,4%, in comparison with the production technological scheme of plum cultivation accepted in the economy; decrease in prime cost of a unit of production by 2,6-6,7%; decrease in technogenic impact on the soil by 10-15%; receiving considerable additional profit (from 72,4 to 89,9 thousand rubles/hectare); increase in profitability of fruits production (for 7,73-12,9 %).
The experimental data of analysis of the content of free amino acids in the leaves of fructifying apple-tree with application of foliar fertilizing are received by method of capillary electrophoresis. The interrelation of the contents of some amino acids with the mineral composition of leaves is revealed, that suggests the possibility of diagnosing the effectiveness of foliar fertilising. Identified interrelations also can be used as additional diagnostic criterion for estimation of a physiological condition of fruit plants
The results of research of efficiency of system use of organic and mineral fertilizer of domestic production "Universalnoe" of prolonged action and annual leef feeding by Akvarin special fertilizers of various brands in the apple fructifying plantings of Prikubanskoye and Aydared varieties on M9 rootstock are presented in the article. In an experiment the standard methodical instructions for carrying out research in the long experiences with fertilizers were used. In fifth year experience after intra soil introduction of the "Universalnoe" fertilizer of prolonged action have been fixed the essential excess of content in the garden soil of mobile forms of the basic mineral elements in comparison with control option (without fertilizers). It is shown that the changing of the soil chemical indicators have been connected with nature of localization of fertilizer of prolonged action. The traits of localization were observed at a soil depth of 0-40/45 cm. In the leaves of shoots of the studied apple-tree varieties is noted the increase in content of nitrogen on 3-7 % and the content of potassium exceeded an indicator of control option on 7-18 %. The increase in the content of mineral elements in the leaves was followed by increase in activity of assimilation processes of apple-tree plants. It is shown that the conditions of mineral food of an apple-tree created by means of fertilizer system have been provided the higher level of soil fertility for realization of reproductive potential of apple-tree varieties of Aydared and Prikubanskoye. The economic effect in relation to control option was expressed in the receiving of additional net income from use of fertilizers of 18,4-58,7 thousand rub/hectare, and profitability level when use of fertilizers made 92-270,5 %.
The article presents the results of a 2-year experimental study of the effect of biomodified fertilizers on the yield capacity and quality of early peach fruits Spring Gold in the central zone of the region (Krasnodar). Orchard planted in 2009. Medium-sized trees are formed according to the improved bowl system. The variety of American breeding (Spring Gold) is characterized by high taste qualities, average fruit size, rounded shape with a red blush, yellow flesh and juiciness, as well as sensitivity to spring frosts. Trees of this variety are also demanding on the level of soil fertility. Biomineral fertilizers introduced into the soil in early spring 2021, which have a biomodifier based on a strain of rhizospheric aerobic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (BMF) in their composition, mainly contributed to an increase in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in the soil compared to the variant without fertilizers by 7.3-8.5 %, as well as the content of total phosphorus in peach leaves in comparison with the control variant by 24 %. In the variant with the introduction of BMF, the increase in the efficiency of microbial cenosis metabolism was observed, accompanied by an increase in the biological activity of the soil (BR and Cmic). A morphological study of generative buds and peach pollen, due to significant fluctuations in air temperature in the winter-spring period, did not reveal any damage to the analyzed samples. The yield capacity level of peach variety Spring Gold in the control variant (without fertilizers) was set at 34.6 and 35.1 kg/tree for this design of plantings in 2021-2022. Productivity against the background of the application of BMF was significantly higher: 41.6 and 44.8 kg/tree. At the stage of removable maturity, in accordance with GOST 34340-2017, the bulk of the fruits belong to the parameters of the highest and first commercial grades. The range of variation of such indicators as the size and weight of the fruit was much wider in the control variant. The content of solids in fruits was established not exceeding 10.2%, and sugars ≤ 5.7 %, which is typical for the group of varieties of ultra-early ripening. Against the background of the application of BMF, the content of biologically valuable substances in the fruits vitamin C and vitamin P was higher in comparison with the control variant by 5.2 and 48.5%, respectively.