Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

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The study of the content of phenolic compounds, amino acids, vitamins are conducted and the organoleptic evaluation of the new wines from red grapes of NCRRIH&V selection are given

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In 2022-2023, in the conditions of the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar region (OOO �Abrau-Durso�, Novorossiysk), an agrobiological study of the effectiveness of using foliar top dressing of grapes with aqueous solutions of the BioconcentrateZ effluent was carried out using field experience. A new, environmentally friendly, safe organic fertilizer was obtained using a biotechnological method of metangeneration with the participation of anaerobic bacteria by-products of animal husbandry, as well as compost mixtures based on them with plant biomass. In accordance with the characteristics of the composition of the drug, "Bioconcentrate-Z" consists mainly of humic and fulvic acids. The fertilizer also contains a complex of macro- and microelements, phytohormones (in micro quantities), growth regulators, strains of living rhizospheric soil microorganisms, amino acids. The drug is non-toxic, does not contain heavy metals, meets the requirements of GOST 33380-2015 "Organic fertilizers. The effluent. Technical conditions", is intended for use in the system of organic and biologized agriculture based on international standards of organic agriculture. As a result of studying the effectiveness of foliar treatment of grape plants with the "Bioconcentrate Z" effluent, the prospects of using the method of increasing plant stability and productivity against the background of the negative influence of abiotic factors according to the criteria were revealed: assimilation and metabolic activity of plants, economic productivity, dynamics of accumulation of dry substances by berries, commercial quality of the yield. Against the background of the use of the drug, in comparison with the control variant (without treatments), a higher assimilation activity of leaves during the summer period of photosynthesis depression, an increase in the content of organic acids, phenolic compounds, f ree amino acids, including the osmoprotector proline, was established. The increase in yield in 2022 and 2023 was obtained mainly due to an increase in the number of fruiting shoots per bush and the mass of the bunch due to its higher density.

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Grape berries, which contain organic substances, vitamins, amino acids, minerals, aromatic substances, have valuable taste and nutritional properties. An important source of biologically active substances are the pulp, skin and seeds of grape berries containing a significant amount of essential components. The purpose of the work is to determine the biochemical parameters: biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances in the structural elements of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties cultivated in Dagestan. A capillary electrophoresis system was used to determine vitamins, composition and number of cations. The research was carried out on the device �Kapel 104T�, RF, NPF LUMEX. The aroma-forming components in the experimental samples were identified using a gas chromatograph �Crystal 2000M� (RF). The mass concentration of antioxidants was measured on the device TSVET YAUZA 01-AA, (RF). The total amount of vitamins and vitamin-like substances in the autochthonous Narma variety was: in the pulp - 0.7123 mg/dm3 , in the skin � 3.4101 mg/dm3 and in the seeds � 3.7827 mg/dm3 . The total concentration of mineral elements in the skin of the studied grapes (Narma �33,2 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli � 20,8 mg/dm3 ) is higher than in the pulp and seeds. Significant total amounts of antioxidants were found in the seeds of the studied grapes: Narma � 6.71 mg/dm3 , Rkatsiteli � 8.51 mg/dm3. High concentrations of aroma-forming substances were determined in the skin and seeds of berries of the Narma variety � 376.26 and 253.71 mg/dm3 , and in the Rkatsiteli variety the content of these compounds was 82.34 and 91.00 mg/dm3 , respectively. The research results complement the biochemical characteristics of Narma and Rkatsiteli grape varieties, which can be successfully used as raw materials in the food industry to enrich food with biologically active, mineral and aroma-forming substances.

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The article presents the results of many years of scientific research on the selection of hybrid forms of grapes into the elite during breeding work at the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and wine-making. These hybrids are studied at the hybrid site to identify a complex of economically valuable and adaptively significant traits and properties that exceed standard varieties. The ultimate goal is to create new promising zoned varieties. The bush training system is a vertical trellis. The formation is standard, cordon type �Spiral cordon AZOS-1�. The feeding area is 3.5 x 2.0 m. The relief of the site is flat-lying, the slope of the south-western exposure. Three elite forms of the technical direction of use are distinguished: K-73-1 (F/U Dzhemete x Krasnostop Anapskiy) � the form of the average ripening period; K-74-17 (F/U Dzhemete x Krasnostop Anapskiy) � the average ripening period; K-74-24 (Cabernet Franc x F/U Dzhemete) � the form of average ripening period. On the studied elite hybrid forms of the technical direction of use, the following researches were carried out: phenological observations, agrobiological records, morphological and biochemical analyses. Among the elite hybrid forms of the technical direction of use, the highest fruitfulness coefficient k1 is in K-74-24 � 1,4, and the lowest in K-73-1 � 1,1. The studied forms are slightly superior i n the mechanical composition of the bunches to the control variety, especially the ratios of stems and berries, juice and pulp with skin and seeds. Based on morphological and chemical analyses, the studied technical elite hybrid forms of grapes are recommended for making wine in dry and dessert versions, since they have a high glucoacidometric index and the content of phenolic substances in the must.

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This article presents the results of the study and systematization of the main ash elements and acid composition of varietal dry white wines made from grapes grown in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman and Central zones of the Krasnodar region. The relevance of the research is due to the lack of large data sets of indicators of authentic wine products to establish significant correlations and develop automated models for assessing the quality and authentication of wines, including with regional and varietal identification. As objects of research, varietal dry wines produced from white grape varieties grown in the conditions of the �Kuban� zone were selected: Aligote, Bianca, Viorica, white Muscat, Pervenets Magaracha, Pinot Blanc, Riesling Rhenish, Siber�kovyi, Sauvignon Blanc, Traminer, Tsitronnyi Magaracha, Chardonnay, etc. The wines were made using the same technology of low-oxidized pure white wines (100 % from one grape variety, hand-picking). Wine studies have been conducted annually since the 2013 harvest. The data were grouped as follows: mass and molar concentrations of equivalents of titrated acidity of wines, in terms of tartaric acid; total acidity, basic organic acids: tartaric, malic, succinic, citric, acetic, lactic; cations of alkaline and alkaline earth metals: potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium; mass concentrations of ash and its alkalinity by varieties, grape harvest years and zones. It is shown that the minimum mass concentration of ash in genuine dry white wines produced in the Kuban zone is 0.86 g/dm3 , the minimum alkalinity of ash is 15.1 mmol-eqNaOH/dm3 . The results of the research will accelerate the rapid search and analysis of information for the development of a system of identification, quality control and establishing the authenticity of wine products with regional affiliation.