Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Among infectious diseases of vine the wide spreading fungal pathogens are the most known, including mildew. Vineyards in the Delta of Volga are in a sanitary zone, so the use of pesticides in these plantings is limited. Identification of the most effective fungicides against mildew of new generation, among fungicides allowed for use in this area, was the purpose of our work. The experiences were conducted by techniques of experimental work. Grapes varieties (Osoby ranniy and Rizamat) of early and middle period of maturing were researched. Under the conditions of the Delta of Volga by the results of the conducted research it is established that in the years of epiphytotic mildew development on susceptible of grapes varieties the considerable part of a crop is lost and its quality gets worse. In the years of poor or average mildew development the varieties accurately differ according to their resistance to disease. The Osoby ranniy grapes was more resistant against mildew defeat. The biological efficiency of Ridomil Gold and Meteor fungicides are studied. Each time the Ridomil Gold is used in a dose 2.5 kg/hectare, the Meteor � 3,5 kg/hectare. The outlay of working solution is 1000 litre/ hectare. It is proved that in the years with inferable conditions for decease development the efficiency of fungicides is 55-48%. For soil and climatic conditions of the Delta of Volga the most effective scheme of processing of grapes plants by fungicides is offered. This scheme promotes crop's preservation and improvement of berries quality. It is established that double spraying of grapes plants by Ridomil Gold with following double spraying by Meteor preparation lead to 25 % crop increase. At the same time the average mass of bunches and berries are increased.

Annotation

Based on exhaustive research, it is proposed the methods for efficient stability control of ampelocenosis under the conditions of anthropogenic intensification of production, and weather anomalies. The studies were performed under the agroecological conditions of acute shortage of rainfall, and high solar insolation and air temperature of moderately continental climate of the South of Russia in the industrial plantations with the most wide-spread grape varieties using the modern field and laboratory methods. For sustainable viticulture in the Krasnodar Region 5 agro- ecological zones and 47 sub-areas are allocated using digital soil maps, maps of isotherms and isohyets. Each subzone is characterized by the uniformity of the site soil, temperature and rainfall and is the basis for the formation of the terroir and quality winemaking as well as for optimization of zonally oriented assortment and technologies. It is proposed the optimized scheme and the planting density of vines, their load by shoots using as a model the Rhine Riesling variety; regime of plant top dressing with minerals in combination with biologically active components, including saline soils. The biological and technology of reversibility of degradation changes in the ampelocenoses soil based on the energy biomaterial is grounded. The methods of stability control of own-rooted vineyards to the quarantine vermin � phylloxera root using the physiologically active substances. The positive influence of the proposed methods for the efficient use of renewable natural resources (light, heat, water, food) in the vine production process is revealed. The increase in the level of implementation capacities of economic productivity and improving the quality of grapes and vine production is noted. The applying of the proposed methods i ncreased in production, agro-ecological and edaphic stability of ampelocenoses.