Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

As a result of long-term observations on the Anapa ampelographic collection, a comparatively large group of white tech-nical varieties of grapes was singled out for indicators of productivity, resistance to diseases and pests, and the quality of the wine products obtained. Periodically recurring abrupt changes in abiotic factors made it possible to more strictly assess the possibilities of varieties of grapes of various origins and assess their frost resistance, drought re-sistance and productivity under abiotic stress conditions. The grape varieties were studied in a grafted open culture, on the rootstock of Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB. Formation � spiral cordon �Z�S-1. The planting scheme is 3.5 x 2.0 m. The cultivation technology is generally accepted for the Southern zone of industrial viticulture in the Russian Federation. The indicators of the bush load, fruitfulness, growth vigor and the degree of ripening of annual shoots are determined according to well known methods and methodological recommendations. In the period from 2001 to 2010, Arabaklo, Bakator white, Golden Autumn and Pollux were identified as promising for introduction into production and use in breeding as sources of a number of economically valuable traits. The article describes the descriptions and characteristics of these grape varieties in comparison with the standard � the classic French Aligotte, obtained as a result of observations on the Anapa am-phelographic collection in the period from 2007 to 2017. Technical varieties of Araboublo, Bakator white, Golden Autumn and Pollux should be recommended for industrial use, which will expand the boundaries of sustainable grape production in the region. Varieties of Araboublo, Bakator white and Golden Autumn, as representatives of the species Vitis vinifera, can be used in breeding as sources of frost and drought resistance for the production of high-quality complex-resistant varieties of grapes.

Annotation

This article presents the results of research breeding work carried out in 2022. As a result, 300 seedlings were obtained, which are currently planted in a permanent place on a hybrid plot. 20 combinations of crosses were carried out, ten of which were made to obtain new high-quality technical varieties with high quality of final products and resistant to the main biotic and abiotic stressors. Ten more combinations were carried out in order to obtain high-quality large-berry a nd seedless table varieties with an early ripening period. As a result of crosses, 4,500 seeds were obtained. 3 hybrid forms of grapes of average ripening period, average growth strength, high-yielding and tolerant to phylloxera have been allocated to the elite. As a result of the mechanical analysis, it was found that the studied hybrids are slightly superior in the mechanical composition of the bunches to the control variety. As a result of chemical analysis, it was found that elite hybrid forms have high sugar accumulation and optimal acidity compared to the control variety, as well as a high content of phenolic substances along with a low presence of nitrogenous substances in the must. These hybrids are promising for further study. In 2022, technical grape varieties Varvarovskiy and Garmoniya were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation approved for use. In addition, 5 sources of valuable traits were identified among grape varieties, including: large�berry � 2 varieties � Yubiley Moldavii and Kobzar, and seedless � 3 varieties - Ruby Sedlless, Assol and Lotos. Some of them were used in crosses to create new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes, providing increased stability of agrocenosis and stability of fruiting.