Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The share of raisin grapes in the total grape production in the country is very small. Of the 106 table grape varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are raisin (Kishmish Luchisty, Korinka Russkaya, Yuzhnobarazhny, Yaltinskiy Bessemianny). These varieties are very popular, because their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article describes the seedless grape varieties of early and middle ripening period studied in the Anapa ampelographic collection: Lotos, Zhemchug Anapy, Kishmish Rozovy AZOS, Kishmish Luchisty, Shayan, Kishmish Moldavsky and Mechta. The results of phenological, agrobiological and economic observations are presented. According to phenological observations, the Lotos variety belongs to the group of early ones, to the group of early-medium ones � Kishmish Luchisty and Shayan, the others � to the group of medium ones. According to the agrobiological data, it was shown that the productivity of all the studied grape varieties is rather high. The highest coefficient of fruiting is observed in the varieties of Lotos, Kishmish Luchisty, Zhemchug Anapy, Mechta. In terms of the average mass of the bunch, the Kishmish Moldavsky (530 g), Kishmish Rozovy AZOS (500 g), Zhemchug Anapy (465 g) and Shayan (435 g) are stood out. The high content of sugars distinguished the varieties of Lotos, Kishmish Moldavsky. The highest tasting marks were given to the varieties of Lotos, Kishmish Luchisty, Zhemchug Anapy. The results can be used to improve the assortment of grapes on the Black Sea coast, and for selection work on the development of new varieties. By their agrobiological indicators, these varieties are technological and meet modern requirements for industrial cultivation.

Annotation

When analyzing the state of the viticulture industry in Russia, there is a lack of seedless grape varieties in the assortment that have valuable biological and economic characteristics and a short growing season, resistance to frost and phylloxera. Due to the advantage of seedless grapes both for fresh consumption and for the production of dried products, processing them into jams and other products, the demand for kishmish varieties is growing and seedless varieties are regularly selected. The degree of various varieties seedlessness can be different: from the almost full absence of rudiments in the berry to a sufficiently noted size of rudiments. At the same time, the degree of development of seed rudiments in the same variety may vary in dependence on the conditions of the growth place and the year conditions. We analyzed the harvest of 33 seedless grape varieties in the Ampelographic collection (Anapa) according to the evaluation of their seedless under the agro-ecological conditions of the Black Sea area of viticulture under the climatic conditions, 2019. The lack of recoverable rudiments of seeds was identified in the berries of cultivars the Kishmish Bely Ovalny, Detskiy, Kishmish Tarakli, Kishmish Rosovy, Kishmish Sogdiana, Kishmish Krugly, Remali Seedless. The maximum berry`s weight among this group was found in the variety of Kishmish Sogdiana. The largest rudiments were found in the berries of the Rusbal variety. Among all analyzed grape varieties, the rudiment of the berry`s mass of which has been measured, it is possible to select the Kishmish Luchisty: this variety has the highest average weight of berries (5.05 g) and the rudiments share of the berry`s mass is 1 %.

Annotation

As a result of long-term observations on the Anapa ampelographic collection, a comparatively large group of white tech-nical varieties of grapes was singled out for indicators of productivity, resistance to diseases and pests, and the quality of the wine products obtained. Periodically recurring abrupt changes in abiotic factors made it possible to more strictly assess the possibilities of varieties of grapes of various origins and assess their frost resistance, drought re-sistance and productivity under abiotic stress conditions. The grape varieties were studied in a grafted open culture, on the rootstock of Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB. Formation � spiral cordon �Z�S-1. The planting scheme is 3.5 x 2.0 m. The cultivation technology is generally accepted for the Southern zone of industrial viticulture in the Russian Federation. The indicators of the bush load, fruitfulness, growth vigor and the degree of ripening of annual shoots are determined according to well known methods and methodological recommendations. In the period from 2001 to 2010, Arabaklo, Bakator white, Golden Autumn and Pollux were identified as promising for introduction into production and use in breeding as sources of a number of economically valuable traits. The article describes the descriptions and characteristics of these grape varieties in comparison with the standard � the classic French Aligotte, obtained as a result of observations on the Anapa am-phelographic collection in the period from 2007 to 2017. Technical varieties of Araboublo, Bakator white, Golden Autumn and Pollux should be recommended for industrial use, which will expand the boundaries of sustainable grape production in the region. Varieties of Araboublo, Bakator white and Golden Autumn, as representatives of the species Vitis vinifera, can be used in breeding as sources of frost and drought resistance for the production of high-quality complex-resistant varieties of grapes.

Annotation

This article presents the results of research breeding work carried out in 2022. As a result, 300 seedlings were obtained, which are currently planted in a permanent place on a hybrid plot. 20 combinations of crosses were carried out, ten of which were made to obtain new high-quality technical varieties with high quality of final products and resistant to the main biotic and abiotic stressors. Ten more combinations were carried out in order to obtain high-quality large-berry a nd seedless table varieties with an early ripening period. As a result of crosses, 4,500 seeds were obtained. 3 hybrid forms of grapes of average ripening period, average growth strength, high-yielding and tolerant to phylloxera have been allocated to the elite. As a result of the mechanical analysis, it was found that the studied hybrids are slightly superior in the mechanical composition of the bunches to the control variety. As a result of chemical analysis, it was found that elite hybrid forms have high sugar accumulation and optimal acidity compared to the control variety, as well as a high content of phenolic substances along with a low presence of nitrogenous substances in the must. These hybrids are promising for further study. In 2022, technical grape varieties Varvarovskiy and Garmoniya were included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation approved for use. In addition, 5 sources of valuable traits were identified among grape varieties, including: large�berry � 2 varieties � Yubiley Moldavii and Kobzar, and seedless � 3 varieties - Ruby Sedlless, Assol and Lotos. Some of them were used in crosses to create new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes, providing increased stability of agrocenosis and stability of fruiting.