Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Popova Valentina
Articles in journal: (total 26)
The widespread and high harmfulness of mycoses of strawberry roots are established in the conditions of Krasnodar region. The tolerant varieties to complex of root pathogens are allocated. The effective ways of plants treating before planting are given for control of pathogens of strawberry root rot. The imbalance of ratio of nutrient elements in the leaves is established, that indicates about need of correction of fertilizer system of strawberry plantings, cultivated according to intensive technologies
Detection of distinctions of soil fertility of garden cenoses is the main criterion defining the efficiency of the differentiated application of fertilizers. The elements of precision use systems of mineral fertilizers at drop irrigation in the fruit plantings taking into account the defference of soil fertility indicators are studied insufficiently. The purpose of research is to determine the consistent patterns of change of providing levels of an apple-tree with available elements of food in a zone of localization of mineral fertilizers at small-volume irrigation taking into account the difference of soil cover. The research are carried out under the conditions of unstable moistening of Krasnodar Region in the industrial plantings of apple-tree of the varieties of winter term maturing on M9 rootstock cultivated using the intensive technologies. As a result of a soil- agric-chemical research the considerable change of soil fertility parameters depending on a zone of selection of soil samples is established. In the places of local application of fertilizers the content of nitrate nitrogen increases in 19,3 mg/kg on average, ammoniac nitrogen - on 4,74 mg/kg and exchange potassium - on 92,5 mg/kg in a soil layer of 0-30 cm. The fertigation has exerted the considerable impact on variability of soil properties; the strengthening of micro variability of soil parameters of agric-physical and agric-chemical conditions of soils is noted. It is shown that introduction when fertigation even rather small doses of mineral fertilizers on elementary sites of the increased provide with nutrients does not lead to increase in maintenance of food elements in the soil. A conclusion is made that in the garden cenoses cultivated by intensive technologies it is necessary to develop a complex of agric-technical methods of application of the differentiated doses of the mineral fertilizers combining an intra soil introduction, a fertigation and not root top dressing of fruit plants.
Under stressful conditions, in order to obtain the stable harvests of high-quality fruits, it is important to have a balanced supply of mineral elements to the organs of fruit plants facilitated to the timely going throw phenological phases, intensification of photosynthetic activity, and resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. In connection with this, the purpose of our study was to found the effectiveness of the system of foliar top dressing with domestic complex mineral fertilizers on a weakly growing apple-tree to activate the adaptive mechanisms of plants and for the formation of high-quality fruits. An effective rational system of leaf feeding of weak growing apple-tree with the use of domestic complex mineral fertilizers against the background of the negative impact of abiotic stresses during the growth and formation of fruits was tested. It was found that leaf feeding contributed to the optimization of the food regime of apple-tree, increase in the leaves content of the combine form of water and protein, causing the increased resistance of plants to overheating and dehydration. A statistically significant positive correlation between the protein content in the apple leaves and the content of phosphorus (r = 0.58) and potassium (r = 0.66) was found. The content of chlorophyll and carotene was depended on the content of nitrogen (r = 0.7 and r = 0.6, respectively). A statistically significant relationship between the content of sugars and potassium (r = 0.89) was determined. Activation of physiological processes due to the balanced intake of nutrients in the organs of apple plants contributes to the increase in plant`s adaptability to heat and drought, stabilization of production processes. The increase in yield due to the use of foliar top dressing with complex fertilizers is averaged of 8.3 t/ha.
Treatment of growth regulator Regalis of apple tree decreased fall of fruits, which in turn has helped increase yield and improve of fruit quality. The significant reduction of the length of internodes and decreases of size of tree annual shoots
The prospects of soil metagenomics using to determine the soil quality of garden cenoses are discussed in this article. Soil quality, along with its fertility, is considered as the most important characteristic of any soil ecosystem, especially under intensification anthropogenic influence. The development of metagenomic studies of soil microorganisms is due to the fact that they are the basis for studying the ecosystems, especially for agricultural purposes. The emergence of new analysis tools contributes to the study of the structural and functional organization of soil microbial biocenoses. An important feature of metagenomic research is that there is no need for isolation and cultivation of microorganisms. This will make it possible to carry out a more complete analysis of the structure of the soil microbial community, to identify the features of the structure of the rhizosphere microflora depending on the duration of growing the perennial plants in a monoculture, and to identify new bioindicators of soil fatigue. The necessary approaches for a complete structural and functional assessment of the soil microbiome are presented, and the goals and objectives of metagenomic analysis are outlined in the article. It is shown that the study of metagenomic analysis of soils makes it possible to move to a new system level of research on the biodiversity of soil ecosystems. This transition leads to a paradigm shift and opens the way to understan the processes that occur in the soils under intensive agricultural use. The available developments in the field of soil metagenome indicate the possibility of using this information as an integral indicator of soil quality in the garden agrocenoses and their functioning, as well as the prospects for use the research results to further improving the methods of biologization and ecologization of agricultural production and fruit growing in particular.