Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Popova Valentina
Articles in journal: (total 26)
Improving the adequacy of forecasts in solving agro-technological problems is carried out through the use of information technology. The empirical information about the object of study is formed by creating the simulation models using computers. In the process of solving the agrotechnological problems, it allows us to analyze the complex systems under the conditions of high dimensionality and incomplete information of their structure. Structured simulation systems include the files with an analytical description of the object, the blocks of expert assessments, simulation and processing of a calculation experiment results (of field experiment). The model relevance increases with the use of the network version of the datas set organized according to certain rules. The assessment of agrochemical factors of garden soil fertility on the effectiveness of soil resources using by perennial fruit plants, the dynamics of mineral elements and metabolites in the leaves is based on the methodology for collecting and analyzing the information using a database obtained in field experiments with fertilizer over the past decade. We have implemented the task of forming the database structure in accordance with the program for studying the effectiveness of fertilizer in the orchard. For storage and analytical processing using the microsoft office excel program, the results of observations, laboratory studies of soil and plants, and also weather data are formalized. The conceptual model of the database is presented, which consists of five blocks: the history of the experiment, the archive of meteorological data, the data of biological indexes and observations, the data of chemical soil analyzes, and the chemical composition of indicating organs (leaves) and fruits. A database structured by this way allows you to optimize the mathematical processing of digital material, as well as quantify the effect of fertilizers the productivity and functional activity of fruit crops, exercise the mathematical modeling, the dispersion and correlation and regression analysis.
The results of research of the features of the apple tree nutrition regimes in the different soil and climatic conditions of cultivation are presented. The different reaction of apple varieties on mineral nutrition levels is established
Three-year application of low-volume irrigation methods with the help of drip watering has caused some changes in the properties of chernozem soil in the orchard of apple trees, however a significant reduction in fertility is not revealed. In conditions of insufficient moistening of the Stavropol region the use of subsoil irrigation provided reliable additional yield of apple Liberty in drought years, and also increase in the average weight of fruit
Cumulative impact of density of addition and water regime of brown forest soil on planting condition and yield capacity of Aydared apple-tree in the conditions of foothills of Krasnodar region is established. It is presented the refined indicators of critical power levels of loose layer and density of addition of root zone of soil layer when the oppression of apple trees on middle-growing rootstocks on forest soils of foothills is displayed.
It is shown that the system of machines, applied now, on many positions doesnt coincide with a demanded complex of machines for the long-term fruit plantings and vinegrapes, especially with a perspective system of machines. The many factors influence on the state, level and prospect of mechanization development of fruit growing and wine growing: land relief, size of plantings, schemes of plants landings. The characteristics of modern and perspective machines for cultivation and harvesting of long-term plantings (fruits and grapes) are submitted on the results of studying of technological prosess of machine working. The defects of operating system of machines the lack of the domestic machines for landing and cutting, beveling, defoliation, etc. of perennial plants, are noted. Existing power means dont meet the modern requirements of perspective production technologies of fruits and grapes, and the requirements for energy saving and ecology. There is a conclusion that it is necessary to develop the domestic machines for mechanization of the most labor-intensive processes of landing, cutting, defoliation of plants, and beveling of herbs in the row-spacings. So it is necessary to introduce more in the production the limit applied diskators of type BDM-25x2 and reconstructed OP-2000 sprayers, with prospect of their replacement of more perfect types, for example "NARDI" (Denmark). The addresses of producers and dealers of mechanization means are given in the article.